Sugar beet response to rotation and conservation management in a 12-year irrigated study in southern Alberta

Larney, Francis J.; Nitschelm, Jennifer J.; Regitnig, Peter; Pearson, Drusilla C.; Blackshaw, Robert E.; Lupwayi, Newton Z.

doi:10.1139/cjps-2016-0005

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Taking credit for N mineralized from compost additions, by reducing N fertilizer inputs to 33% on plots in which compost was applied prior to potato, helped to balance the N budget during the experiment. Larney et al (2016a) concluded that compost application in this study did not interfere with N supply or uptake by sugar beet, which is very sensitive to late-season N flushes which can impair extractable sugar yield, as compost was applied 3-5 yr in advance of the sugar beet crop. Our findings agree with D'Hose et al (2016) who demonstrated that compost (applied at 2 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 ) and cattle and pig slurry (170 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) for at least 4 yr did not induce higher NO 3 -N leaching.…”

Section: Total Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The four CONS management practices on the CONS rotations (reduced tillage, cover crops, compost addition, and narrow-row dry bean) were outlined by Li et al (2015), and specifically as they related to dry bean (Larney et al 2015), potato (Larney et al 2016b), and sugar beet (Larney et al 2016a). The CONV rotations received none of these four practices.…”

Section: Conservation Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides were used as required for adequate weed, insect, and disease control, with details provided by Larney et al (2015Larney et al ( , 2016aLarney et al ( , 2016b). All crops were irrigated using a wheel-move system to maintain soil water content at ≥50% field capacity.…”

Section: Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean annual irrigation amounts (n = 12) were 421 mm for potato, 333 mm for dry bean, 440 mm for sugar beet, 325 mm for wheat, 145 mm for oat, and 444 mm for timothy. Each fall, mature crops were harvested for yield and quality assessment as reported by Larney et al (2015Larney et al ( , 2016aLarney et al ( , 2016b. Oat on 6-CONS was harvested as silage in July, and timothy on 6-CONS was harvested in first (late June to mid-July) and second (September to early October) cuts.…”

Section: Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil changes over 12 years of conventional vs. conservation management on irrigated rotations in southern Alberta

et al. 2017

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Increased irrigated production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in southern Alberta in the 1990s prompted a 12 yr (2000-2011) study to evaluate conservation (CONS) management practices for these crops in 3-6 yr rotations. Conservation management included reduced tillage, cover crops, compost, and narrow-row dry bean. After 12 yr, soil organic carbon (SOC) at 0-30 cm depth increased by 0.48 Mg ha −1 yr −1 on a 5 yr CONS rotation, in line with average cumulative compost addition of 154 Mg ha −1. In contrast, SOC stocks on a 3 yr conventional (CONV) rotation, which did not receive compost, declined by 0.25 Mg ha −1 yr −1. Nitrate-N did not accumulate in the soil profile under CONS management, as it was largely influenced by previous crop. In contrast, available P increased with compost addition under CONS management, leading to surface buildup and downward movement in the soil profile. At 0-120 cm depth, the CONS rotations showed 26%-53% higher available P than CONV rotations between 2005 and 2011. Apart from a caveat regarding potential P accrual, the CONS management package in this study was validated as soil building for irrigated cropping systems in southern Alberta.

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Section: Total Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Conservation Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil changes over 12 years of conventional vs. conservation management on irrigated rotations in southern Alberta

et al. 2017

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“…Long-term crop rotation studies have investigated the inclusion of a fall rye cover crop in crop rotations assessing soil conservation management practices in southern Alberta, but a direct cover crop effect could not be determined due to the longer term rotational nature of the study (Larney et al, 2016). Thus, the objective of this study was to directly quantify how cover crop species (fall rye or oilseed radish) and nutrient source (compost or inorganic fertilizer) affects cover crop dry biomass, C accumulation and N uptake, soil NO 3 -N and NH 4 -N dynamics, and the agronomic performance of unfertilized spring wheat over two consecutive years.…”

Section: Fall Rye Reduced Residual Soil Nitrate and Drylandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall Rye Reduced Residual Soil Nitrate and Dryland Spring Wheat Grain Yield

et al. 2017

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A gronomy J our n al • Volume 10 9, I ssue 2 • 2 017 P ost-harvest seeding of cover crops reduces the risk of wind erosion and nutrient loss through leaching and runoff during the non-growing season, while increasing the biodiversity and resilience of prairie cropping systems (Martens et al., 2015). Yet, few studies have directly investigated late-summer to-fall seeded cover crop management practices in semiarid regions (e.g., Moyer and Blackshaw, 2009;Blackshaw et al., 2010;Liebig et al., 2015; Th omas et al., 2016a), which constrains their adoption by farmers (Liebig et al., 2015). A better understanding of how cover crop management practices impact subsequent annual crop performance could provide important knowledge to advance the use of cover crops in semiarid regions of North America.Th orup-Kristensen (1993) coined the term "pre-emptive competition" to describe the eff ect whereby cover crops assimilate N, but then decompose and mineralize too slowly to supply the retained N to the succeeding crop. Th us, the N supply to the subsequent crop depends on complex interactions among the cover crop characteristics, soil and climatic properties, and the succeeding crop itself (Th orup- Kristensen et al., 2003). For instance, oilseed radish decomposed more quickly than barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in southern Manitoba (Halde and Entz, 2016), while glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]-killed fall rye consistently reduced unfertilized spring wheat yield relative to no cover crop in southern Alberta (Moyer and Blackshaw, 2009). Whether oilseed radish may scavenge N as effi ciently as fall rye and subsequently decompose and mineralize to supply N to the succeeding crop has not been determined in southern Alberta.Fall rye and oilseed radish are two contrasting cover crops. Fall rye is a perennial monocotyledon with an extensive fi brous root system, while oilseed radish is an annual dicotyledon with a large taproot. Fall rye must be killed prior to planting the succeeding cash crop, chemical burndown (herbicide treatment) in spring being a common method, whereas oilseed A quadratic function explained 93% of the variability between pre-plant soil NH 4 -N plus NO 3 -N (0-7.5-cm depth) and spring wheat grain yield in 2014, indicating that the N supply limited spring wheat grain yield. We conclude that fall rye scavenged residual NO 3 -N better than oilseed radish during the non-growing season, particularly during the spring period when this perennial species assimilates N, but under semiarid conditions it may decompose and mineralize too slowly to supply N at the right time for the subsequent crop, while oilseed radish tended to boost spring wheat grain yield.

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Assessing legacy effects of a 12‐year irrigated cropping systems study with a post‐hoc bioassay

Larney

Pearson

Blackshaw

et al. 2021

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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A healthy soil resource is vital to the continued success of irrigated agriculture in southern Alberta. A 12‐yr (2000–2011) irrigated cropping systems study was followed with a dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) field bioassay in 2012, to assess legacy effects of preceding management. Specifically, a comparison of conventional (CONV) and conservation (CONS) management (reduced tillage, cover crops, compost addition, narrow‐row dry bean) legacies was sought. However, rotational legacies such as preceding phase, length, preceding crop, and interval since previous dry bean were also assessed by the fully phased experimental setup. Only 1 of 18 possible soil management contrasts (CONV vs. CONS, 2000–2011) was significant for the dry bean bioassay in 2012, despite overwhelming evidence of improved soil health (microbial biomass C and β‐glucosidase activity) under CONS management. Monoculture wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 2000 to 2011 led to 2 d earlier maturity and higher disease incidence in bioassay dry bean. With wheat as a preceding crop, bioassay dry bean was significantly shorter (4 cm), earlier maturing (2 d), and lower yielding (by 21–35%) than with dry bean, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), or sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) as preceding crops, largely due to volunteer wheat competition. Significantly enhanced bioassay yields (9–13%) with shorter intervals since previous dry bean demonstrated a “legume effect.” Overall, the dry bean bioassay was less effective at assessing soil management legacies (CONV vs. CONS) than rotational legacies such as preceding crop or interval since previous dry bean.

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Sugar beet response to rotation and conservation management in a 12-year irrigated study in southern Alberta

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Soil changes over 12 years of conventional vs. conservation management on irrigated rotations in southern Alberta

Soil changes over 12 years of conventional vs. conservation management on irrigated rotations in southern Alberta

Fall Rye Reduced Residual Soil Nitrate and Dryland Spring Wheat Grain Yield

Assessing legacy effects of a 12‐year irrigated cropping systems study with a post‐hoc bioassay

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