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The professional field of industrial hygiene/occupational hygiene has its roots in the profession of public health, which means the preservation of health and prevention of disease among people engaged in an occupation. The modern definition of industrial hygiene also includes protection of the health of persons living in the community or around a place of work from hazards that may arise from that place of work and affect overall health. This chapter focuses on various factors that are involved in relating exposure to health hazards to human health and well‐being and the rationale upon which the practice of industrial hygiene/occupational hygiene is based. Significant progress has been made during the past century in characterizing and controlling exposure to occupational health hazards. Comprehensive industrial hygiene programs are being used to effectively control exposures to work hazards in most developed countries, but this is less so in emerging economies. Today, the rationale for industrial hygiene practice continues to evolve to help address such important topics as how the occupational environment affects and relates to the physiological, psychological, and behavioral aspects of health and well‐being.
The professional field of industrial hygiene/occupational hygiene has its roots in the profession of public health, which means the preservation of health and prevention of disease among people engaged in an occupation. The modern definition of industrial hygiene also includes protection of the health of persons living in the community or around a place of work from hazards that may arise from that place of work and affect overall health. This chapter focuses on various factors that are involved in relating exposure to health hazards to human health and well‐being and the rationale upon which the practice of industrial hygiene/occupational hygiene is based. Significant progress has been made during the past century in characterizing and controlling exposure to occupational health hazards. Comprehensive industrial hygiene programs are being used to effectively control exposures to work hazards in most developed countries, but this is less so in emerging economies. Today, the rationale for industrial hygiene practice continues to evolve to help address such important topics as how the occupational environment affects and relates to the physiological, psychological, and behavioral aspects of health and well‐being.
Measurement is the foundation of exposure science. Associations between illness and environmental agents have been observed for millennia, but the ability to quantify exposure and dose has been possible only in the last century. Improved means of measurement and refined concepts of who, what, when, where, and why to measure have been the seminal contributions of exposure science to the study of disease causation and prevention. This paper examines critical advancements in exposure assessment associated with workplace health and safety, and the groundbreaking work of the US Public Health Service. Many of the key concepts of modern exposure science have their origin in these early studies. Occupational hygiene scientists have conducted receptor-based exposure analyses for more than 80 years, evaluating indoor air, defining microenvironments, and developing personal sampling techniques. Biological monitoring of community populations including children, dermal exposure monitoring, duplicate diet studies, and multipathway, aggregate exposure assessments can be traced to early public health studies. As we look to the future, we see that new technologies and techniques are expanding the scope of exposure science dramatically. We need to ensure that the highest of scientific standards are maintained, make a greater effort to include occupational hygiene scientists, microbiologists, and behavioral scientists in the field, and promote new sources of training and research support. Exposure science has a critical role to play in the prevention strategy that is central to public health.
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