Suicide and Alcoholism

Frances, R.J.; Franklin, John; Flavin, Daniel K.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb27910.x

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Suicide is a serious public health problem, as a significant cause of death for Americans (more than 30,000 per year) striking young adults (adolescents included) and the elderly, in particular, 1 and is tragic out‐come for many patients suffering from mental illnesses and drug addiction(alcohol in particular) 2–4 . Ten to fifteen percent of patients with schizophrenia and manic depressive illness die from suicide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropathology of Suicide

Bachus

Hyde

Akil

et al. 1997

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Neuropathology is one approach to the effort to elucidate the pathophysiology of suicide. Initial neurochemical studies focusing on the roles of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NE) abnormalities in brains of suicide victims have been somewhat inconsistent. More recently developed methodologies, including quantitative receptor autoradiography, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, cell morphometry, in situ hybridization, Northern analysis, solution hybridization/RNase protection assay, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and genotyping, which have already been applied successfully in studies of other disorders of brain structure or function, are now increasingly being adopted for postmortem studies of suicide. These new strategies are adding convergent evidence for brain 5-HT and NE dysfunction in the etiology of suicide susceptibility, refining the neuroanatomical localization of this dysfunction, and in addition, implicating heretofore unsuspected candidate neurotransmitter systems in the neuropathological substrates of suicide susceptibility. It is argued here that the confluence of the availability of suitable postmortem samples and this augmentation of our armamentarium of techniques promises the attainment of important new insights into the biological underpinnings of suicide from postmortem research. It is to be hoped that this new knowledge might inspire novel pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the prevention of suicide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropathology of Suicide

Bachus

Hyde

Akil

et al. 1997

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…The relation between alcohol consumption and interpersonal aggression is well documented (Bushman & Cooper, 1990; Chermack & Giancola, in press). Correlational studies suggest a link between alcohol consumption and verbal aggression (Babor, Berglas, Mendelson, Ellingboe, & Miller, 1983), family violence (Leonard & Jacob, 1988), marital violence (Leonard & Senchak, 1993), child abuse (Kaufman-Kantor & Strauss, 1990), rape (Muehlenhard & Linton, 1987), homicide (Lindqvist, 1986), and suicide (Frances, Franklin, & Flavin, 1986). Experimental laboratory studies also suggest that alcohol facilitates aggressive behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

The biphasic effects of alcohol on human physical aggression.

Giancola¹,

Zeichner²

1997

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

135

117

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The authors assessed the biphasic effects of alcohol on human physical aggression. Sixty male social drinkers were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: alcohol ascending limb (AAL), alcohol descending limb (ADL), or 1 of 2 sober control groups. Aggression was assessed in the AAL and ADL groups at respective ascending or descending blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 0.08%. Each participant in the control groups was respectively yoked with a participant in either the AAL or the ADL group to control for the longer period of time needed to reach a BAC of 0.08% on the descending limb compared with the ascending limb (i.e., passage of time effect). The authors measured aggression using a modified version of the Taylor aggression paradigm (S. Taylor, 1967), in which electric shocks are received from and administered to a fictitious opponent during a competitive task. The AAL group was more aggressive than the ADL groups. There were no differences between the ADL group and the control groups, which suggests that alcohol does not appear to increase aggression on the descending limb. The control groups did not differ in aggression, thus ruling out a passage of time effect.

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“…Studies suggest significantly heightened suicidal deaths in depression [2][3][4], bipolar disorder [5,6], schizophrenia [7,8] substance use disorder [8,9], alcohol use disorder [10,11] and chronic pain [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%