Suitability and Assessment of Surface Water for Irrigation Purpose

Abstract

Surface water is an important resource that can create tensions between different countries sharing the same water sources to know that the agriculture is considered as the last sector that exploits less water compared to the industry which uses very large water quantities. The future strategies of agricultural development in the most of these countries depend on the ability to maintain, improve and expand irrigated agriculture. In this light, this chapter is written in the way to show some steps of the evaluation of surface water for irrigation purpose. The results obtained from this research make it possible to evaluate the suitability of surface water for irrigation and to draw useful recommendations for dam managers and farmers.

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the water quality of the Damodar River, a tributary of the Ganga River in West Bengal

“…EC and TDS are two parameters used to measure the salinity in water. Depending on the level of EC (Table 1 ), water can be classified into different salinity hazards (Nishanthiny et al 2010 ; Tiri et al 2020 ). This category is developed depending on the EC of irrigation and saturated soil extract (Regional Salinity Laboratory (US) 1954 ).…”

“…Chloride and sulfate salts are highly soluble to produce saline soil, whereas Ca is precipitated as Ca-MgSO 4 and CaSO 4 (Doneen 1975 ). So, the salinity index is calculated by adding chloride and half of sulfate (Ogunfowokan et al 2013 ; Tiri et al 2020 ).…”

Effects of Seawater Intrusion on the Groundwater Quality of Multi-Layered Aquifers in Eastern Saudi Arabia

“…Several water quality indices, such as EC, PS, SAR, Na%, KR, MAR, and PI, have been widely used to analyze the water quality and its degree of suitability for irrigation purposes in various situations [ 22 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. These indices reflect several hazards, including salinity, sodium, magnesium, and carbonate in irrigated soils and crops.…”

“…Na% is another index used for the classification of irrigated water and for reporting Na hazards [ 48 ]. According to the Na% values, the irrigated water was classified as excellent (<20%), good (20–40%), permissible (40–60%), or unsuitable (>60%) [ 48 , 49 ]. The Na% index was calculated as follows: …”

“…The SAR indices reflect the relative concentrations of Na + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ions. Water quality can be classified into four categories based on the SAR values: excellent (<10), good (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), permissible , and unsuitable (>40) [48,49]. The SAR index was computed as follows:…”