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The present investigation was carried out to compare the alterations of digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and protease activities in three teleostean fishes viz., Anabas testudineus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Oreochromis niloticus after application of almix herbicide for 30 days at rice field concentration i.e., 8 g/acre. Highest amylase activity was observed in intestine of A. testudineus (300.76%) and lowest in intestine of H. fossilis (103.89%), while maximum lipase activity was found in stomach of O. niloticus (203.27%) and lowest in stomach of H. fossilis (109.65%). Protease activity was also highest in liver of O. niloticus (270.47%) but lowest in stomach of H. fossilis (114.04%). Changes in the enzymes’ activity were different in respect to fishes and their tissues. According to this analysis, A. testudineus and O. niloticus were more sensitive. So, it can be inferred that long-term exposure of almix even at environment-friendly concentration may cause alterations in the digestive functions.

Three Indian freshwater teleostean fishes Anabas testudineus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to almix (66.67 mg/l) under laboratory condition for a period of 30 days to investigate the activity of transaminases [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)], and phosphatase [alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] in the gill, intestine, heart and muscle tissues. ALT levels showed significant elevation (p< 0.05) in all the fish tissues and highest activity (183.57%) was observed in gill of O. niloticus and lowest (122.01%) in muscle of O. niloticus. AST activity was also increased significantly (p< 0.05) in all test fishes. Highest AST activity (344.05%) was observed in heart of O. niloticus, while A. testudineus showed minimum activity (114.09%) in intestine. ALP activity increased significantly (p< 0.05) in all the fish species and was highest (289.02%) in intestine of H. fossilis and lowest (142.83%) in A. testudineus. Increased activity of these metabolic enzymes resulted into tissue damage which ultimately affected the fish health; it inferred the sensitivity of these enzymes to the almix herbicide toxicity in the order of O. niloticus > H. fossilis > A. testudineus. Therefore, assessment of these metabolic enzymes in tissue systems is important for evaluation of the herbicidal contamination like almix on fish species.

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