Suitability of two areas of the Basque coast to sustain shellfish aquaculture according to both the presence of potentially toxic phytoplankton and the biotoxins regulated by the European Union

Bilbao, Jone; Muñiz, Oihane; Revilla, Marta; Rodríguez, José Germán; Laza‐Martínez, Aitor; Seoane, Sergio

doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101279

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Schirone et al (2018) found OA concentrations exceeding the maximum limit in 11 (4.3%) samples of M. galloprovincialis from different mollusc plants located along the Central Adriatic coast, and some samples showed the simultaneous presence of OA, YTX and 1-Homo-YTX. Also, Alves et al (2019) and Bilbao et al (2020) reported OA-group concentrations above the maximum regulatory limit in different species of shell sh from Ireland and the Portuguese coast, and the Spanish Basque coast, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The azaspiracid poisoning (AZP) is characterized by nausea, diarrhea and stomach cramps occurring 3-18 hours after the consumption of contaminated molluscs, and the healing is within 2-5 days (Doerr et al 2016). Even if PTXs and YTXs were included in DSP group, it has been recently demonstrated that they do not cause diarrhea after oral ingestion, but YTXs show paralytic effects on the cardiac muscle in mice (Bilbao et al 2020) as well as dyspnea, jumping, tremors and spasms after intraperitoneal injection (Visciano et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveillance Plan of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Molluscs from the Croatian Coast

et al. 2021

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In the present study, a 4-year surveillance plan for the detection of lipophilic marine biotoxins in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Callista chione from different aquaculture farms and natural beds along the Central Adriatic coasts of Croatia was reported. The samples were analyzed by a validated LC-MS/MS method in accordance with the Regulation (EU) No 2019/627. Lipophilic marine biotoxins belonging to the okadaic acid group, except for azaspiracids, as well as yessotoxins were found at different concentrations, always below the maximum limits established by the Regulation (EC) No 853/2004. The seasonal distribution showed the highest values in summer months, and an interannual variability was also observed, probably due to environmental conditions aging on the density of harmful algal blooms. The comprehensive data reported in this study should help the future research in making advancing prediction models along the Eastern Adriatic coast.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance Plan of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Molluscs from the Croatian Coast

et al. 2021

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“…Alexandrium cells have been detected in the area in spring and summer but also, rarely, in September and January [58,59]. Unfortunately, they have not been identified at the species level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) in Mussels from the Eastern Cantabrian Sea: Toxicity, Toxin Profile, and Co-Occurrence with Cyclic Imines

Rodríguez-Cabo

Moroño

Arévalo

et al. 2021

Toxins

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In the late autumn of 2018 and 2019, some samples taken by the official monitoring systems of Cantabria and the Basque Country were found to be paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)-positive using a mouse bioassay. To confirm the presence of PSP toxins and to obtain their profile, these samples were analyzed using an optimized version of the Official Method AOAC 2005.06 and using LC–MS/MS (HILIC). The presence of some PSP toxins (PSTs) in that geographical area (~600 km of coast) was confirmed for the first time. The estimated toxicities ranged from 170 to 983 µg STXdiHCl eq.·kg−1 for the AOAC 2005.06 method and from 150 to 1094 µg STXdiHCl eq.·kg−1 for the LC–MS/MS method, with a good correlation between both methods (r2 = 0.94). Most samples contained STX, GTX2,3, and GTX1,4, and some also had NEO and dcGTX2. All of the PSP-positive samples also contained gymnodimine A, with the concentrations of the two groups of toxins being significantly correlated. The PSP toxin profiles suggest that a species of the genus Alexandrium was likely the causative agent. The presence of gymnodimine A suggests that A. ostenfeldii could be involved, but the contribution of a mixture of Alexandrium species cannot be ruled out.

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“…Bertara urak isurtzen dituen ibairik egon ez arren, portuak inguruko herritarren (5.300 biztanle, gutxi gorabehera) hondakin-urak tratatzen dituen araztegi baten isurketa jasotzen du. Hala ere, Mutrikuko urzutabeak euskal kostaldeko urentzako aurretik deskribatutako baldintza tipikoak erakusten ditu [37], eta araztegiaren eragin nabarmenik ez da behatu.…”

Section: Akuikultura Eaenunclassified

“…2017an, Muñizek eta lankideek [51] EAEko kostaldeko 16 puntutan eta itsas zabaleko hiru puntutan 11 urtean zehar bildutako fitoplankton-komunitateen datuak aztertu zituzten, eskualde horrek akuikultura garatzeko zuen ahalmena ebaluatzeko aurretiazko urrats gisa. Gerora, ikerketa horiek eremu zehatzetara mugatu dira, eta, azken bi urteotan, Mendexako itsas zabaleko eremuak eta Mutrikuko portuak bibalbioen akuikultura garatzeko duten egokitasuna aztertu da [35,37,52].…”

Section: Fitoplanktonaren Ikerketa Eaenunclassified

Euskal kostaldeko fitoplanktona eta bere garrantzia bibalbioen akuikulturan

Bilbao

Muñiz

Revilla

et al. 2021

EKAIA

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Akuikulturak azken hamarkadan mundu mailan izan duen garapena itzela izan da eta, honek, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan (EAEn) moluskuen akuikultura burutzeko nahia piztu du. Gaur egun, muskuiluak ekoizten berriki hasi den akuikultura eremu bakarra dago EAEn, itsaso zabalean kokatuta, Mendexako kostaldearen aurrean. Hala ere, sektorea gehiago garatzeko helburuz, beste aukerazko kokaleku batzuk planteatu dira, Mutrikuko portua adibidez. Gauzak horrela, ezinbestekoa da eremu honetako fitoplanktonaren azterketa sakona egitea, bibalbioen energia iturri eta, aldi berean, gizakiongan toxikotasun eragile nagusia baita. Azken urteotan, Mendexa eta Mutrikun, bibalbioen akuikulturarekin erlazionatutako fitoplanktonaren zenbait ikerketa burutu dira, bertako komunitate naturalek bibalbioen akuikultura eusteko duten egokitasuna ezagutzeko asmoz. Ikerketa hauetan fitoplankton komunitatearen ugaritasuna eta osaketa aztertu ziren, potentzialki toxikoak ziren taxonei arreta berezia eskainiz. Horrez gain, muskuiluen haragian aurkitutako toxina kontzentrazioa ere neurtu zen. Diatomeoak eta haptofitoak izan ziren Mendexa eta Mutrikuko komunitate fitoplanktonikoen talde nagusiak, dinoflagelatuen aldizkako agerpenekin batera.Honenbestez, fitoplankton komunitate hauek muskuiluen hazkuntzarako kalitate nutrizional onuragarria daukatela ikusi da, talde nagusiek gantz azido maila altuak azaltzen dituztelako.. Gainera, komunitateetan nagusitzen zen zelula-tamaina (2-20 μm) muskuiluen ingestio eta erretentzio eraginkorrerako aproposa da. Hala ere, Europako beste akuikultura eremu batzuekin alderatuz, Mendexa eta Mutrikuko a klorofila balioak oso baxuak dira, 0,5 μg/L inguruko kontzentrazioekin. Halaber, itsaskien toxikotasun arriskua adierazten duten zelula ugaritasun eta toxinen kontzentrazio mugak hainbat aldiz gainditu ziren bi eremuetan. Dinophysis da generorik arriskutsuena, Mendexan bereziki, non genero honen eta bere toxinen (azido okadaikoa) kontzentrazioa handiagoa den. Honenbestez, beharrezkoa da fitoplankton azterketekin jarraitzea, toxikotasun-arrisku posibleak hauteman eta kontrolatzeko.

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Suitability of two areas of the Basque coast to sustain shellfish aquaculture according to both the presence of potentially toxic phytoplankton and the biotoxins regulated by the European Union

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

Surveillance Plan of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Molluscs from the Croatian Coast

Surveillance Plan of Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Molluscs from the Croatian Coast

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) in Mussels from the Eastern Cantabrian Sea: Toxicity, Toxin Profile, and Co-Occurrence with Cyclic Imines

Euskal kostaldeko fitoplanktona eta bere garrantzia bibalbioen akuikulturan

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