Suitable additives for vegetable oil‐based automotive shock absorber fluids: an overview

Abstract

Formulation of a cost-effective, high-performance and eco-friendly lubricant, largely depends on the base oil quality, then the selection of suitable additives and their proportions. Vegetable oils, identified to be eco-friendly, renewable, future-available and cost-effective treasures for lubricant formulation, apart from processing, will rely much on suitable additives to meet the performance requirements for automotive shock absorber (ASA) fluids. Additives that will guarantee performance, longevity and eco-friendliness of formulated vegetable-based functional fluids have to be uncommonly effective, resistant to depletion, non-toxic and highly biodegradable. Their selection in these regards will require skills and experience, which will harness the various arms of synergism as effective tools to succour the known weaknesses of the base oil. This is a review on additives that could be used in formulation of vegetable oil-based (ASA) fluids. The outcome shows that there are customary and novel additives that are suitable for formulating vegetable oil-based ASA fluids.

Multifunctional Lubricant Additive Improves Lubrication and Antioxidation Properties of Tung Oil

“…In addition, the structure of triglycerides in vegetable oils ensures their lubricity as a lubricant. Therefore, vegetable oil-based lubricants have received a great demand in many green manufacturing activities, and have become an important research topic in recent years [11][12][13][14]. China is the largest producer of tung oil, but the utilization level of tung oil is very low, mainly focusing on the direct use of tung oil as anti-corrosion coatings, ink additives, and mold release oils [15][16][17][18].…”

Performance of higher poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s as viscosity modifiers in vegetable oils

“…Henceforth, the addition of additives such as viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants, and antioxidants are widely accepted for different applications. [ 14 ]…”

“…Henceforth, the addition of additives such as viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants, and antioxidants are widely accepted for different applications. [14] Viscosity modifiers or VI improvers are polymer additives that are added to minimize the effect of temperature on the μ of the lubricating oil. [13] VI is the arbitrary number used to denote the change in viscosity with temperature, and a higher VI implies the lower rate of change of viscosity with temperature.…”

“…[21] Many acrylate and methacrylate copolymers having different chain lengths have been reported to be used as viscosity modifiers in different lubricating oils. [12,14,15,19,22,23] Recently, many innovations have arisen in the synthesis of novel types of acrylate and methacrylate-based polymers from fatty acids also. [21,[24][25][26] Six acrylate copolymers having different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized and added to a petroleum-based lubricating oil in different concentrations and the μ and VI was reported by Mohamad et al [15] They claimed that by either increasing the alkyl chain length, molecular weight, or concentration of the copolymers, VI was found to increase in the range of 120 to 143 while the VI for lubricating oil without any additives was 98.…”

Utilization of TiO2/gC3N4 nanoadditive to boost oxidative properties of vegetable oil for tribological application

“…In our work, we chose TiO 2 /gC 3 N 4 nanocomposite as an additive to modify the oil for better tribological performance. The main role of an additive is to improve the friction and wear performance of oils at high speed, temperature, and load [9][10][11]. Essentially, all lubricants contain additives to improve their inherent properties.…”