Sulfadiazine pharmacokinetics in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) receiving oral and intravenous administrations

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the bioavailability (BA) and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) after oral and intravenous administrations. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points of 0.083, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr (n = 6). The samples were extracted and purified by organic reagents and determined by the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. The software named 3P97 was used to calculate relevant PK parameters. The results demonstrated that the concentration–time profile of SDZ was best described by a one‐compartmental open model with first‐order absorption after a single oral dose. The main PK parameters of the absorption rate constant (Kα), the absorption half‐life (t1/2 Kα), the elimination rate constant (Ke), the elimination half‐life (t1/2Ke), and the area under concentration–time profile (AUC0‐∞) were 0.3 1/h, 2.29 hr, 0.039 1/h, 17.64 hr, and 855.78 mg.h/L, respectively. Following intravenous administration, the concentration–time curve fitted to a two‐compartmental open model without absorption. The primary PK parameters of the distribution rate constant (α), the elimination rate constant (β), the distribution half‐life (t1/2α), the elimination half‐life (t1/2β), the apparent distribution volume (VSS), the total clearance (CL), and AUC0‐∞ were 9.62 1/hr, 0.039 1/hr, 0.072 hr, 17.71 hr, 0.33 L/kg, 0.013 L h−1 kg−1, and 386.23 mg.h/L, respectively. Finally, the BA was calculated to be 22.16%. Overall, this study will provide some fundamental information on PK properties in the development of a new formulation SDZ in the future and is partially beneficial for the appropriate usage of SDZ in aquaculture.

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of sulfadiazine in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) following oral and intravenous administrations

“…It has been reported that the absorption and excretion rate of compounds in fish that have a stomach is faster than the fish that do not have a stomach (Takii et al, 1997). Under the same experimental conditions, the t 1/2Kα of channel catfish is shorter than that of grass carp, which just proved the conclusion from the literature (Xu et al, 2020). However, t 1/2Kα values of tilapia and mandarin fish are longer than that of grass carp, which may be attributed to different dosages and environmental temperatures.…”

“…In the present study, the t 1/2Kα value (0.87 h) in channel catfish was shorter than that in grass carp (2.29 h) under the same oral dosage of 50 mg/kg at an environment temperature of 24℃ (Xu et al, 2020). It is also shorter than the t 1/2Kα values of 5.27 h in tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) after oral administration of compound SDZ (m‐SDZ: m‐trimethoprim = 1:5, 120 mg/kg) at 23℃ (Xiao et al, 2014) and 5.7 h in mandarin fish ( Siniperca chuatsi ) after oral administration of compound SDZ at 28℃ (Wang et al, 2016).…”

The plasma and tissue kinetics of sulfadiazine and its metabolite in Ictalurus punctatus after oral gavage at two temperatures

“…Many published references have proved this phenomenon such as florfenicol (Rairat et al, 2019; Yang et al, 2018, 2019), doxycycline (Xu et al, 2019), oxolinic acid (Rigos et al, 2002b), oxytetracycline (Rigos et al, 2002a; Rosa et al, 2019), and flumequine (Sohlberg et al, 1994). Recently, we examined the bioavailability of SDZ in grass carp and channel catfish (Xu, Fu, et al, 2021, 2022), and the pharmacokinetics of SDZ in grass carp at different temperatures (Xu, Li, et al, 2022). To our knowledge, there is no report about the influence of environmental temperature on SDZ pharmacokinetics in channel catfish.…”