Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Chlorproguanil-Dapsone, or Chloroquine for the Treatment of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Afghanistan and Pakistan

Leslie, Toby; Mayan, M. Ismail; Hasan, Mahdi; Safi, Mohammed; Klinkenberg, Eveline; Whitty, Christopher J M; Rowland, Mark

doi:10.1001/jama.297.20.2201

Cited by 58 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Drugs that result in a slow and incomplete clearance of asexual parasitemia result in a longer duration of gametocyte carriage. For P. vivax, treatment with SP, against which high-level P. vivax resistance is reported (362), and antibiotics results in longer gametocyte carriage than that with more efficacious antimalarial drugs (248,362,364,365). Similar to the case for P. falciparum, P. vivax gametocytemia after treatment may serve as a predictor for the later reappearance of asexual parasites (189,365).…”

Section: Antimalarial Drugs and P Vivax Gametocytemiamentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemiology and Infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Gametocytes in Relation to Malaria Control and Elimination

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropics, with Plasmodium falciparum responsible for the majority of the disease burden and P. vivax being the geographically most widely distributed cause of malaria. Gametocytes are the sexual-stage parasites that infect Anopheles mosquitoes and mediate the onward transmission of the disease. Gametocytes are poorly studied despite this crucial role, but with a recent resurgence of interest in malaria elimination, the study of gametocytes is in vogue. This review highlights the current state of knowledge with regard to the development and longevity of P. falciparum and P. vivax gametocytes in the human host and the factors influencing their distribution within endemic populations. The evidence for immune responses, antimalarial drugs, and drug resistance influencing infectiousness to mosquitoes is reviewed. We discuss how the application of molecular techniques has led to the identification of submicroscopic gametocyte carriage and to a reassessment of the human infectious reservoir. These components are drawn together to show how control measures that aim to reduce malaria transmission, such as mass drug administration and a transmission-blocking vaccine, might better be deployed.

show abstract

Section: Antimalarial Drugs and P Vivax Gametocytemiamentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemiology and Infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Gametocytes in Relation to Malaria Control and Elimination

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of reliable studies involving large numbers of patients in both Thailand (59,125,136,217,229) and India have shown almost uniform susceptibility to chloroquine in vivax malaria (154,226), although very recent work from the Gujarat State in western India found a 91% success rate among 65 evaluated patients (209). Studies in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Azerbaijan have shown little or no evidence of resistance (121,134,227). Reports from Turkey showed 85% to 90% susceptibility (129), but a more recent survey from the southeastern sector showed only 78% susceptibility (130).…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Therapies for Infection by Plasmodium vivax

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The gravity of the threat posed by vivax malaria to public health has been poorly appreciated. The widely held misperception of Plasmodium vivax as being relatively infrequent, benign, and easily treated explains its nearly complete neglect across the range of biological and clinical research. Recent evidence suggests a far higher and more-severe disease burden imposed by increasingly drug-resistant parasites. The two frontline therapies against vivax malaria, chloroquine and primaquine, may be failing. Despite 60 years of nearly continuous use of these drugs, their respective mechanisms of activity, resistance, and toxicity remain unknown. Although standardized means of assessing therapeutic efficacy against blood and liver stages have not been developed, this review examines the provisional in vivo, ex vivo, and animal model systems for doing so. The rationale, design, and interpretation of clinical trials of therapies for vivax malaria are discussed in the context of the nuance and ambiguity imposed by the hypnozoite. Fielding new drug therapies against real-world vivax malaria may require a reworking of the strategic framework of drug development, namely, the conception, testing, and evaluation of sets of drugs designed for the cure of both blood and liver asexual stages as well as the sexual blood stages within a single therapeutic regimen.

show abstract

“…Therefore, some proportion of the P. vivax population is often inadvertently exposed to SP selection pressure, and this might have caused the selection of SP-resistant alleles in P. vivax isolates. It has been considered that P. vivax is intrinsically resistant to pyrimethamine (4), but a high therapeutic efficacy of SP has also been reported (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Polymorphisms in Antifolate Drug Resistance Molecular Marker Genes pvdhfr and pvdhps in Clinical Isolates of Plasmodium vivax from Kolkata, India

Ganguly¹,

Saha²,

Chatterjee³

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has never been recommended for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria as the parasite is intrinsically resistant to pyrimethamine. The combination was introduced as a promising agent to treat Plasmodium falciparum malaria in many countries but was withdrawn after a few years due to development and spread of resistant strains. Presently, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is used as a partner drug of artemisinin-based combination therapy to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria, and a combination of artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is currently in use in India. In countries like India, where both P. vivax and P. falciparum are equally prevalent, some proportion of P. vivax bacteria is exposed to sulfadoxinepyrimethamine due to misdiagnosis and mixed infections. As reports on the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in P. vivax are rare, the study of mutations in the marker genes P. vivax dhfr (pvdhfr) and pvdhps is important for predicting drug selection pressure and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance monitoring. We studied the prevalence of point mutations and haplotypes of both the genes in 80 P. vivax isolates collected from urban Kolkata, India, by the DNA sequencing method. Point mutation rates in both the genes were low.

show abstract

Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Chlorproguanil-Dapsone, or Chloroquine for the Treatment of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Afghanistan and Pakistan

Abstract: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00158561.

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Epidemiology and Infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Gametocytes in Relation to Malaria Control and Elimination

Epidemiology and Infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Gametocytes in Relation to Malaria Control and Elimination

Resistance to Therapies for Infection by Plasmodium vivax

Prevalence of Polymorphisms in Antifolate Drug Resistance Molecular Marker Genes pvdhfr and pvdhps in Clinical Isolates of Plasmodium vivax from Kolkata, India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About