Sulfated Xylomannans from the Red Seaweed Sebdenia Polydactyla: Structural Features, Chemical Modification and Antiviral Activity

Abstract

Background: Many viruses display affinity for cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans with biological relevance in virus entry. This raises the possibility of the application of sulfated polysaccharides in antiviral therapy. Methods: In this study, we analysed polysaccharide fractions isolated from Sebdenia polydactyla. Results: The purified xylomannan sulfate and its further sulfated derivatives showed strong activity against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). Their 50% inhibitory concentration values were in the range 0.35-2.8 µg/ ml and they lacked cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 1,000 µg/ml. The major polysaccharide, which had 0.6 sulfate groups per monomer unit and an apparent molecular mass of 150 kDa, contained a backbone of α-(1→3)-linked d-mannopyranosyl residues substituted at position 6 with a single stub of β-d-xylopyranosyl residues. Conclusions: The degree of sulfation seemed to play an important role because desulfation and/or further sulfation of the isolated macromolecules largely influenced their in vitro anti-HSV-1 activity.

Water-extracted polysaccharides from Azadirachta indica leaves: Structural features, chemical modification and anti-bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) activity

“…Recording of infrared (FT-IR) spectra were carried out as described previously [32]. The 1 H NMR spectrum was recorded on a Bruker 500 (Bruker Biospin AG, Fallanden, Switzerland) operating at 500 MHz for 1 H. The freeze-dried sample was deuterium-exchanged by lyophilization with D 2 O (Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA) and then examined in D 2 O (99.96 atom% D).…”

“…The water-extracted fraction P1 was chromatographed on a Sephacryl TM S-300 column (2.6 cm × 90 cm; Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden) using 0.5 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) as eluent as described [32].…”

Carbohydrate polymers of chirata (Swertia chirata) leaves: Structural features, in vitro anti-oxidant activity and fluorescence quenching study

“…For neutral sugar analysis, all fractions were hydrolyzed with 2 M trifluroacetic acid (3 h, 100 o C); sugars were reduced, acetylated, and analyzed as their alditol acetate (17) by GC (GC-17A; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) and GC/MS (QP 5050 A; Shimadzu). Non-derivative sugars in the acid hydrolysate were also analyzed by TLC as described (18). Alternatively, samples were hydrolyzed using 2 M trifluoroacetic acid (2 h at 110 o C), followed by a 18 h methanolysis at 80 o C with dry 2 M methanolic-HCl.…”

Structural features and in vivo antitussive activity of the water extracted polymer from Glycyrrhiza glabra

“…The water extracted polymeric fraction WE was chromatographed on a Sephacryl TM S-300 column (2.6 cm × 90 cm; Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden) using 0.5 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) as eluent as described [19].…”