Sulfide promoted chronic fouling in a refinery: A broad phenomenon spanning a range of heat transfer surfaces and oil types

Hazelton, Mike; Stephenson, Tyler; Lepore, Justin; Subramani, V.; Mitlin, David

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.074

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Elemental analysis was carried out using a JEOL JSM-6400 SEM-EDX equipment which was fitted with an Oxford Instruments INCA energy dispersive analytical system (EDS) for the elemental x-ray analysis and digital image capturing, to provide x-ray maps and line scans. As depicted below, the amount of foulant thickness examined with both analysis were much higher than 20μm which was undertaken in the previous studies of samples from experimental rigs 26,27 . The elements recognized by this technique were carbon, oxygen, magnesium, sulphur, calcium, iron, sodium, chlorine and silicon.…”

Section: Sem-edx Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the former, the sample was deposited on the outer surface of a ring (OD = 3.61cm, H=1cm) in a batch stirred cell from an atmospheric tower bottom oil 26 . In the latter, it was formed around a hot wire (D = 0.2mm) in a stirred autoclave from two different oil blends 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rings and wires were mounted in epoxy before being polished in order to provide a sufficiently smooth and flat cross section, as required for the SEM-EDX analysis 27 . Using temperatures higher than those of thermal cracking or coke formation (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross Sectional Examination of a Fouled Tube Removed from a Crude Oil Preheat Exchanger

Behranvand

Mozdianfard

Díaz-Bejarano

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A first attempt is presented to characterize intact foulant of a refinery preheater. A tube was removed from an exchanger located post-desalter and preflash-drum at a 4-year shutdown, and dissected into undisturbed cutout rings. Following visual inspection, elemental analysis (x-ray maps and line scans) was carried out and radial concentration profiles of the existing elements were established. A stratified coloured foulant layer inside the tube appeared in sine waves fluctuating at both axial and angular directions, likely evidencing for the first time a shadow effect and erosion process. Results agreed with our studies on a comparable exchanger of the same refinery. They confirm the proposed deposition mechanism and simulation results, indicating: formation of a stratified foulant consisting inorganics ranging 50wt%; presence of an acute inorganic deposition period along the chronic organic-inorganic fouling; and identification of foulant phases arrangement, amongst possible conductivity mixing models, as cocontinuous and effective medium theory structures.

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Section: Sem-edx Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross Sectional Examination of a Fouled Tube Removed from a Crude Oil Preheat Exchanger

Behranvand

Mozdianfard

Díaz-Bejarano

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Thiols, also known as mercaptans, are the most reactive species among the sulfur‐containing compounds and play significant role in corrosion of petroleum refineries . Thiol exist relatively lower amount compared to other sulfur containing compounds such as thiophenes or sulfides.…”

Section: Use Of the In‐apci/appi Source Isotope Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thiols, also known as mercaptans, are the most reactive species among the sulfur-containing compounds and play significant role in corrosion of petroleum refineries. [344][345][346]…”

Section: Speciation Of S Containing Compounds In Crude Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange in mass spectrometry

Kostyukevich

Acter

Zherebker

et al. 2018

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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The isotopic exchange approach is in use since the first observation of such reactions in 1933 by Lewis. This approach allows the investigation of the pathways of chemical and biochemical reactions, determination of structure, composition, and conformation of molecules. Mass spectrometry has now become one of the most important analytical tools for the monitoring of the isotopic exchange reactions. Investigation of conformational dynamics of proteins, quantitative measurements, obtaining chemical, and structural information about individual compounds of the complex natural mixtures are mainly based on the use of isotope exchange in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry. The most important reaction is the Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange, which is mainly performed in the solution. Recently we have developed the approach allowing performing of the Hydrogen/Deuterium reaction on-line directly in the ionization source under atmospheric pressure. Such approach simplifies the sample preparation and can accelerate the exchange reaction so that certain hydrogens that are considered as non-labile will also participate in the exchange. The use of in-ionization source H/D exchange in modern mass spectrometry for structural elucidation of molecules serves as the basic theme in this review. We will focus on the mechanisms of the isotopic exchange reactions and on the application of in-ESI, in-APCI, and in-APPI source Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange for the investigation of petroleum, natural organic matter, oligosaccharides, and proteins including protein-protein complexes. The simple scenario for adaptation of H/D exchange reactions into mass spectrometric method is also highlighted along with a couple of examples collected from previous studies.

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Corrosion fouling during crude oil flow on a heated surface: Effects of temperature, shear and material of construction

et al. 2023

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Sulfide promoted chronic fouling in a refinery: A broad phenomenon spanning a range of heat transfer surfaces and oil types

Cited by 10 publications

References 76 publications

Cross Sectional Examination of a Fouled Tube Removed from a Crude Oil Preheat Exchanger

Cross Sectional Examination of a Fouled Tube Removed from a Crude Oil Preheat Exchanger

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange in mass spectrometry

Corrosion fouling during crude oil flow on a heated surface: Effects of temperature, shear and material of construction

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