Sulfide stress cracking resistance of API-X100 high strength low alloy steel

Almansour, Mohammed; Alfantazi, Akram; Elboujdaîni, M.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2009.05.025

Cited by 105 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Mahdi et al [32] investigated the effect of temperature on erosion-enhanced pitting corrosion behaviour of API X100 steel. Their result showed that the pitting potential decreased, whereas the pitting current densities increased when the electrolyte temperature was increased from 22 • C to 35 • C. Several researchers [33][34][35] have investigated the corrosion behaviour of the API X100 steel material in different environments. However, the erosion behaviour of this type of steel is limited in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Okonkwo

Shakoor

Zagho

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:Erosion is the gradual removal of material due to solid particle impingement and results in a failure of pipeline materials. In this study, a series of erosion tests were carried out to investigate the influence of particle speed and impact angle on the erosion mechanism of API X100 pipeline steel. A dry erosion machine was used as the test equipment, while the particle speed ranged from 20 to 80 m/s and impact angles of 30 • and 90 • were used as test parameters. The eroded API X100 steel surface was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The weight loss and erosion rate were also investigated. The results showed that at a 90 • impact angle, a ploughing mechanism was occurring on the tested specimens, while material removal through low-angle cutting was the dominant mechanism at lower impact angles. Embedment of alumina particles on the target steel surface, micro-cutting, and low-angle cutting were observed at low impact angles. Therefore, the scratches, cuttings, and severe ploughings observed on some failed oil and gas pipelines could be attributed to the erosion mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Okonkwo

Shakoor

Zagho

et al. 2016

Metals

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“…In latest years, the mechanical properties of plain carbon steels have been greatly improved by micro alloying the plain carbon steels with small amounts (max 0.1 wt. (%)) of strong carbide and nitride forming elements such as Nb, Ti and V. The produced steels are known as High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steels 16 . HSLA steels are widely used in oil and gas production and transportation pipelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum yield strength value is used to designate the API grade HSLA steels. For example, the designed yield strength of API-X60 steel is 60 ksi (414 MPa) 16 . There are numerous standard test methods developed for testing and studying the corrosion resistance of metals/alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of X52 and X60 steels in carbon dioxide containing saltwater solution

Rihan

2012

Mat. Res.

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X52 and X60 high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels are widely used in the construction of petroleum pipelines. This paper discusses the corrosion resistance of X52 and X60 steels in CO 2 containing saltwater at pH 4.4 and 50 °C. A circulating flow loop system inside an autoclave was used for conducting the experimental work. The rotating impeller speed was 2000 rpm. The corrosion rate was monitored using in situ electrochemical methods such as potentiodynamic sweep, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Results indicated that the corrosion rate of X60 steel is relatively higher than that of X52 steel.

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“…However, in this investigation, there is neither obvious vanadium segregation and titanium segregation at the center of sample nor the aggregation of precipitation of vanadium and titanium in the band structure region, as illustrated by Figure 3 Figure 4 shows the element segregation near the crack. As is shown in the Figure 4, the long-size and linear shape crack generates at the pearlite band structure It was pointed out that the origin of the hydrogen induced crack is related to the hard phase in the microstructure [7,[10][11][12] . Therefore, the microhardness(HV0.1) test was performed on the pearlite band near the crack and the region 100μm distance away from the pearlite band.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of normalized pipeline steel

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. Hydrogen sulfide corrosion test was used to test the hydrogen-induced cracking sensitivity of the normalized BNS pipeline steel. The microstructure and morphology of hydrogen induced crack(HIC) of the normalized BNS pipeline steel after hydrogen sulfide corrosion test were observed with optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Combined with electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA) and hardness test, the hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of BNS pipeline steel was studied from the aspects of microstructure, crack morphology, center segregation and harness. The results showed that the pearlite band with high hardness caused by center segregation of C and Mn was the main crack initiation and propagation path for the long-size and linear shape hydrogen induced crack at the center of plate thickness, and the type of crack propagation was transgranular. Some tiny hydrogen induced crack nucleated from the small calcium-aluminate inclusion and the tiny hydrogen induced crack would not propagate to form long-size cracks with no suitable propagation path existing around the inclusion.

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Sulfide stress cracking resistance of API-X100 high strength low alloy steel

Cited by 105 publications

References 7 publications

Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of X52 and X60 steels in carbon dioxide containing saltwater solution

Research on hydrogen-induced cracking behavior of normalized pipeline steel

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