Sulfide Treatment of ZnO Single Crystals and Nanorods and the Effect on P3HT−ZnO Photovoltaic Device Properties

Uhlrich, John J.; Franking, Ryan; Hamers, Robert J.; Kuech, T. F.

doi:10.1021/jp906566v

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Like in the case of ZnO NCs, the undoped and uncapped SnO 2 , TiO 2 , and CeO 2 NCs also show very weak FM after subtracting the diamagnetic background, which might arise from intrinsic defects such as oxygen vacancies. The above magnetism fluctuation with SC can be ascribed to an alteration of electronic configuration 10,13,14 induced by the electron transfer between NCs and surfactants, [18][19][20] which is revealed by the XPS spectra. The typical XPS spectra of ZnO and CeO 2 NCs before and after post-treating with TOPO, PVP, and PAA are shown in Fig.…”

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confidence: 93%

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Fluctuant magnetism in metal oxide nanocrystals capped with surfactants

Zhang

Xiong

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. B

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We demonstrate experimentally that magnetism in ZnO, TiO 2 , CeO 2 , and SnO 2 nanocrystals (NCs) has a fluctuant nature that varying with capping surfactant type and concentration. By developing a forced hydrolysis approach with additional post-processing for the synthesis and surfactant capping of these NCs, we effectively avoid the influence of size, shape, and magnetic impurities on the magnetic behavior of NCs, thus revealing the systematic influence of the capping surfactants on the NC magnetism. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results and theoretical calculations clearly show that the magnetism fluctuation with surfactant concentration can be attributed to the periodic variation of spins, which arises from the concentration dependent electron transfer from surfactants to NCs. Our results not only explain the previously reported seemingly irregular magnetism induced by capping surfactants, but also provide an effective approach to tune or optimize the NC magnetism. This is an author-produced, peer-reviewed version of this article. The final, definitive version of this document can be found online at Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics,

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confidence: 93%

“…4), indicating that ZnO receives electrons from the surfactants. 20 Similarly, the TOPO and PAA molecules that are linked to the CeO 2 NCs also donate electrons, and this leads to the appearance of Ce 3+ XPS peaks 21 ( Fig. S5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fluctuant magnetism in metal oxide nanocrystals capped with surfactants

Zhang

Xiong

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. B

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“…In the past, researchers have attempted many methods aimed at deecting passivation, such as UV-ozone treatment, 10,11,13 atomic doping, 9,[16][17][18]23 surface modication, 19,20 and annealing treatments, 21 etc. The electrical conductivity of the ZnONFs has been signicantly improved by suppressing the V O defects.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of UV-ozone process on the ZnO interlayer in the inverted organic solar cells

Qin

Zhang

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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ZnO interlayer is crucial for the performance of inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs). Herein, we investigate the effects of short UV-ozone treatment of ZnO nanofilms (ZnONFs) on the performance of IOSCs with a structure of ITO/ZnONFs/P3HT:PCBM/MoO 3 /Ag. There is a 17.59% and 32.60% increase in the short circuit current and power conversion efficiency, respectively, after the treatment of the device for 20 seconds. Furthermore, the optimized device showed excellent stability under ambient conditions for more than four weeks without encapsulation. We conclude that the UV-ozone treatment oxidizes oxygen vacancy defects of ZnONFs, thereby decreasing the internal resistance and improving charge transfer at the ZnONFs/polymer interface. However, a longer treatment time will produce oxygen interstitial defects, which dramatically increases the work functions of ZnONFs and deteriorates the contact between ZnONFs and the active layer. As a result, the process of charge transfer will be blocked, resulting in a sharp drop in the performances of IOSCs.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] HPV devices promise advantages of both organic and inorganic materials. Organic materials offer high light absorption coefficients, flexibility, ease of processing, and structural diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In HPV devices based on conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and ZnO, for example, the V OC estimated from work functions using the electron affinity rule is 1.6 V. 14,15 However, the V OC measured in actual devices is around 0.4 6 0.1 V less owing to recombination losses. [1][2][3]8,9 One possible reason is that the surface of the ZnO has a very narrow depletion region where separated photocarriers (electrons and holes) are very close to each other, allowing their recombination. 16 Another reason is that dark carriers diffuse from the cathode owing to the high electron mobility of ZnO, [17][18][19][20] causing recombination losses between the photocarriers and the dark carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the performance of inorganic-organic hybrid photovoltaic devices by uniform ordering of ZnO nanorods and near-atmospheric pressure nitrogen plasma treatment

Nagata

Volk

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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Efficiency enhancement of organic photovoltaic devices using a Sm:Al compound electrode Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 073301 (2013) Efficiency enhancement of organic photovoltaic devices using a Sm:Al compound electrode APL: Org. Electron. Photonics 6, 33 (2013) Electronic and interface properties of polyfluorene films on GaN for hybrid optoelectronic applications APL: Org. Electron. Photonics 6, 29 (2013) Electronic and interface properties of polyfluorene films on GaN for hybrid optoelectronic applications Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 063303 (2013) A trilayer architecture for polymer photoconductors Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 053304 (2013) Additional information on J. Appl. Phys. We investigated the performance of hybrid photovoltaic devices composed of ZnO and poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The uniform ordering of ZnO nanorods (NRs) and nitrogen plasma treatment at near-atmospheric pressure offer advantages in modifying the ZnO NR surface. Uniform ordering of the ZnO NRs promoted the effective infiltration of P3HT, increasing the donor-acceptor interface area, which is directly related to short-circuit current density (J SC ). Nearatmospheric pressure treatment compensated carriers to form a highly resistant interlayer at the ZnO surface, which reduced carrier recombination and, as a result, increased the open circuit voltage (V OC ). Combining these two approaches achieved five-fold increase in J SC compared to that of the planar heterojunction, while the V OC was increased up to 0.71 V.

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Sulfide Treatment of ZnO Single Crystals and Nanorods and the Effect on P3HT−ZnO Photovoltaic Device Properties

Cited by 29 publications

References 66 publications

Fluctuant magnetism in metal oxide nanocrystals capped with surfactants

Fluctuant magnetism in metal oxide nanocrystals capped with surfactants

Effect of UV-ozone process on the ZnO interlayer in the inverted organic solar cells

Improving the performance of inorganic-organic hybrid photovoltaic devices by uniform ordering of ZnO nanorods and near-atmospheric pressure nitrogen plasma treatment

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