Sulfur and Nitrogen Co-ordinately Improve Photosynthetic Efficiency, Growth and Proline Accumulation in Two Cultivars of Mustard Under Salt Stress

Rais, Lubna; Masood, Asim; Inam, Arif; Khan, Nafees A.

doi:10.4172/2329-9029.1000101

Cited by 54 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The increased N and S assimilation in plants treated with SA resulted in increased chlorophyll and proline synthesis. Rais et al (2013) have shown that both individual and combined applications of N and S resulted in increased NRA, N content, and proline accumulation and alleviated salt stress effects on photosynthetic efficiency and growth of B. juncea. Moussa and Khodary (2003) reported that spraying of salicylic acid caused significant increases in the activity of both Rubisco enzyme and photosynthetic pigments under drought stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Salicylic acid supplementation improves photosynthesis and growth in mustard through changes in proline accumulation and ethylene formation under drought stress

Nazar

Umar

Khan

et al. 2015

South African Journal of Botany

246

117

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Drought stress is becoming a major threat to plant productivity loss in agricultural system. The present study was carried out to evaluate the physiological and biochemical alterations induced by salicylic acid (SA) in mustard plant under moderate drought stress conditions. Therefore, a pot culture experiment was conducted to test whether SA application at concentration of 0.5 mM through foliar spray could protect the mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivar Pusa Jai Kisan subjected to drought stress on the basis of growth and photosynthesis. The treatments were as follows: (i) 100% FC + 0 mM SA, (ii) 50% FC + 0 mM SA, (iii) 100% FC + 0.5 mM SA and (iv) 50% FC + 0.5 mM SA. The control treatment received 100% field capacity (FC) irrigation, whereas moderate drought stress corresponded to 50% field capacity. Plants subjected to drought stress caused significant reduction in growth and photosynthetic parameters, activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), nitrate reductase (NR), ATP-sulfurylase (ATPS) which accounted for decreased nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) assimilation. Whereas, a pronounced increase was observed in proline metabolism. Exogenously applied 0.5 mM SA alleviated the stress by increasing the proline production through the increase in γ-glutamyl kinase (GK) and decrease in proline oxidase (PROX) activity. In addition SA application restricted the ethylene formation by inhibiting the 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) activity more conspicuously under moderate drought stress than no stress. These findings reflect that SA application alleviates the drought-induced decrease in growth and photosynthesis through increased proline content. Higher proline content was a result of increased N and S assimilation and increased synthesis of proline synthesizing enzyme which lowers the oxidative stress in mustard.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Salicylic acid supplementation improves photosynthesis and growth in mustard through changes in proline accumulation and ethylene formation under drought stress

Nazar

Umar

Khan

et al. 2015

South African Journal of Botany

246

117

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“…Considering the importance of major mineral nutrients in the agricultural system, most of these have been employed to improve the level of accumulation of osmo‐compatible organic solutes and strengthen the antioxidant machinery in salt‐exposed plants (Nazar et al , Khan et al ). Among mineral nutrients, nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are crucial macronutrients important for plant growth and development and show regulatory interactions (Kaur et al , Rais et al , Qiao et al ). N and S are involved in the synthesis of vital organic compounds including amino acids and proteins synthesis (Hesse et al , Scherer ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of nitric oxide supplemented with nitrogen and sulfur regulates photosynthetic performance and stomatal behavior in mustard under salt stress

Jahan

Alajmi

Rehman

et al. 2020

Physiologia Plantarum

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a hormone that connects numerous reactions in plant cells under normal and environmental stress conditions. The application of 100 μM NO as sodium nitroprusside (SNP; NO donor) applied individually or in combination with N or S in different combinations (i.e. 100 mg N or S kg −1 soil applied at the time of sowing [100 N + 100S] 0d or with split, 50 mg N or S kg −1 soil at the time of sowing and similar dose at 20 d after sowing [50 N + 50S] 0d + [50 N + 50S] 20d ) was tested to alleviate salt stress in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Application of 100 μM NO plus split application of N and S more significantly promoted stomatal behavior, photosynthetic and growth performance in the absence of salt stress and maximally alleviated effects of salt stress through increased N-and S-use efficiency, proline and antioxidant system. The combined application of N and S at the time of sowing was lesser effective in promoting photosynthesis and growth under salt or no salt stress conditions in presence or absence of NO. The study suggests that salt stress effects on the photosynthetic performance are mitigated more efficiently when NO was applied together with the split application of N and S given at two stages, and the photosynthetic activity was promoted under salt stress through increased N and S assimilation and antioxidant system. This strategy may be adopted in agricultural system for overcoming salt stress effects on performance of mustard.

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“…Nitrogen is not only a vital macronutrient for cotton production [14,28,29], but also the next crucial input factor for better crop production after water [30]. Moreover, nitrogen governs many cellular activities in plants since it is part of key components of chlorophyll, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, plant hormones, and osmolytes [17,27], all of which are involved in plant salt tolerance mechanisms through different pathways [31,32]. NO 3 − and NH 4 + are the most common inorganic forms of nitrogen, and plants usually uptake these by their roots and use them for their metabolic activities [33].…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Enhances Salt Tolerance by Modulating the Antioxidant Defense System and Osmoregulation Substance Content in Gossypium hirsutum

Sikder

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Plants

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Increasing soil salinity suppresses both productivity and fiber quality of cotton, thus, an appropriate management approach needs to be developed to lessen the detrimental effect of salinity stress. This study assessed two cotton genotypes with different salt sensitivities to investigate the possible role of nitrogen supplementation at the seedling stage. Salt stress induced by sodium chloride (NaCl, 200 mmol·L −1 ) decreased the growth traits and dry mass production of both genotypes. Nitrogen supplementation increased the plant water status, photosynthetic pigment synthesis, and gas exchange attributes. Addition of nitrogen to the saline media significantly decreased the generation of lethal oxidative stress biomarkers such as hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage ratio. The activity of the antioxidant defense system was upregulated in both saline and non-saline growth media as a result of nitrogen application. Furthermore, nitrogen supplementation enhanced the accumulation of osmolytes, such as soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and free amino acids. This established the beneficial role of nitrogen by retaining additional osmolality to uphold the relative water content and protect the photosynthetic apparatus, particularly in the salt-sensitive genotype. In summary, nitrogen application may represent a potential strategy to overcome the salinity-mediated impairment of cotton to some extent.Plants 2020, 9, 450 2 of 20 most sensitivity to salinity during the seedling growth stage, and remained sensitive at the reproductive stage [9]. Excess salinity inhibits plant growth and development by inducing osmotic stress, particular ion toxicity (Na + and Cl − ), oxidative damage, and/or nutritional disorders in plant tissues, which subsequently lead to weakened plant growth and endurance [10][11][12]. Salt stress has been shown to significantly decrease the uptake and metabolism of numerous mineral nutrients (such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium), and accelerate the damage of the photosynthetic machinery as well as the whole salt tolerance mechanisms of plants. Salt stress-induced plant metabolism alterations are the secondary consequence of carbon and nitrogen metabolism [13]. Moreover, a high salt concentration perturbs electron transport systems in both chloroplasts and mitochondria [14,15]. This accelerates electron leakage from electron transportation chains and induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide [16,17]. The over-accumulation of ROS not only damages cellular and biological activities [18][19][20], but also degrades chlorophyll pigments and obstructs the synthesis of proteins, amino acids, lipids, deoxyribonucleic acid, as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of plants [17]. To avoid ROS-induced oxidative damage, plant-assured endogenous tolerance approaches, such as the antioxidant defense system as well as the accumulation of organic solutes and secondary metabolites [21]....

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Sulfur and Nitrogen Co-ordinately Improve Photosynthetic Efficiency, Growth and Proline Accumulation in Two Cultivars of Mustard Under Salt Stress

Cited by 54 publications

References 50 publications

Salicylic acid supplementation improves photosynthesis and growth in mustard through changes in proline accumulation and ethylene formation under drought stress

Salicylic acid supplementation improves photosynthesis and growth in mustard through changes in proline accumulation and ethylene formation under drought stress

Treatment of nitric oxide supplemented with nitrogen and sulfur regulates photosynthetic performance and stomatal behavior in mustard under salt stress

Nitrogen Enhances Salt Tolerance by Modulating the Antioxidant Defense System and Osmoregulation Substance Content in Gossypium hirsutum

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