Sulphonated Tea Waste Carbon Catalyzed Esterification of Propionic Acid with Ethyl Alcohol: Modulus and Rate Constant Estimation

Bhusari, Amol A.; Mazumdar, Bidyut; Rathod, Ajit P.

doi:10.1007/s12649-020-01118-x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, it seems that higher concentrations beyond 1.5% caused limitations on mass transfer. The results agree with similar work by Bhusari et al [19].…”

Section: Effect Of Catalyst Loadingsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Green chemistry principles now motivate researchers to use solid acids with sulfonate groups functionalized solid acids as high-performance, reusable, and environmentally friendly catalysts for chemical syntheses, as green alternatives to toxic and unrecyclable homogeneous acid catalysts [17,18]. catalysts containing -SO 3 H have received considerable attention as environmentally benign and can be used in organic synthesis particularly in the esterification and transesterification of various alcohols due to their higher acidic strength, increased thermal stability, and reduced toxicity [19][20][21][22]. The citric acid (CA) is an organic acid with a carboxylic group-rich structure that is inexpensive and ecologically benign.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Farouq

Selim

2023

J Polym Environ

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In this work, two catalysts based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) containing sulfonic acid group and the −COOH group of citric acid (CA) were synthesized. Characterization of the −SO3H functionalized PEG and citric acid functionalized PEG has been carried out using FT–IR. The acidity of PEG–SO3H and PEG–CA has been explored to investigate their catalytic efficiency towards eco-friendly production of methyl salicylate via esterification of salicylic acid using methanol as a reactant as well as solvent. Methanol to acid molar ratios of 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1 was applied. The sulfonated PEG is found to be a very active solid acid catalyst giving high yields (82%) under the optimized reaction conditions (10:1 M ratio of methanol to acid; reaction temperature, 65 °C; reaction time, 150 min with catalyst loading of 1.5%. In comparison with the catalytic activity of H2SO4, PEG–SO3H, and PEG-CA; the PEG–SO3H surpassed the catalytic activity of both H2SO4 and PEG–CA. The IEC of PEG–SO3H was 4 meq/g. And the maximum water uptake of PEG-SO3H was 8.25%.

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“…Furthermore, it seems that higher concentrations beyond 1.5% caused limitations on mass transfer. The results agree with similar work by Bhusari et al [19].…”

Section: Effect Of Catalyst Loadingsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Farouq

Selim

2023

J Polym Environ

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Alcoholic Beverage Purification Applications of Activated Carbon

Thakur

Kumar²,

Zhang

2023

Activated Carbon

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Activated carbon (AC) is frequently employed in the manufacturing and purification of alcoholic beverages (ABs) to dechlorinate the treated water employed in bottling plants, clean the water, eliminate undesired elements and pollutants, and modify aroma and color. Based on the grade of the raw materials, there are more undesirable secondary constituents in ABs. Consequently, high-grade ACs are frequently chosen for specific tasks, such as chemically activated carbon types for decolorization and steam-activated carbon types for flavors and odorants flavor and odorant control, to enhance the production of alcohol and suppress the production of such undesirable secondary components. A common example is the decolorization of red wine using powdered AC while using dark grapes to produce white wine or vermouth. The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the integrity and use of ACs as chemical and physical markers for preparing ABs and demonstrating their ability to remove contaminants from alcohol blends.

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Synthesis and characterization of bio catalyst prepared from dairy waste for lactic acid esterification

Bhusari

Mazumdar

Rathod

2021

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering

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Dairy byproduct is known for its valuable chemical and nutritional content possessing high market potential. Notwithstanding, it is tractable to exploit its utilization. The waste generated is organic and having huge energy potential. The objective of current research is to synthesize novel catalyst from a dairy based solid waste called Ghee Residue by chemical activation process and deploy it for the production of iso-butyl lactate. Surface identity of catalyst was furnished using Brunauer-Emmet Teller (BET) method and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Effect of variables like reaction time, temperature of reaction and loading of catalyst on lactic acid conversion were studied. In addition to this, reaction kinetics modelling was performed using 2nd order pseudo-homogeneous approach. It was inferred that, both internal as well as external resistance of mass transfer could not offer any influence on overall rate of reaction in this esterification. Optimum condition for esterification reaction was at 368 K with 3% catalyst loading giving the highest conversion around 74%. The energy of activation for the present system using synthesized catalyst was 41.5 kJ/mol and found to be lower in comparison with the other catalysts. Although, the activity of GRC declined gradually less than 10% from the activity of the several reaction cycle.

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Sulphonated Tea Waste Carbon Catalyzed Esterification of Propionic Acid with Ethyl Alcohol: Modulus and Rate Constant Estimation

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Alcoholic Beverage Purification Applications of Activated Carbon

Synthesis and characterization of bio catalyst prepared from dairy waste for lactic acid esterification

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