The electrocoagulation (EC) process is an electrochemical means of introducing coagulants and removing suspended solids, colloidal material, and metals, as well as other dissolved solids from water and wastewaters. The EC process has been successfully employed in removing pollutants, pesticides, and radionuclides. This process also removes harmful microorganisms. More often during EC operation, direct current is applied and electrode plates are sacrificed (dissolved into solution). The dissolution causes an increased metal concentration in the solution that finally precipitates as oxide precipitates. Due to improved process design and material of construction, the EC process is being widely accepted over other physicochemical processes. Presently, this process has gained attention due to its ability to treat large volume and for its low cost. The aim of this study is to review the mechanism, affecting factors, process, and application of the electrocoagulation process.

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Wastewater from sugar industry has multiple combinations of organic and inorganic contaminants. It has an adverse impact on nearby environment and requires specific type of treatment to minimize the effect. To treat the sugar industry wastewater, an attempt has been made with the electrochemical process by using aluminum electrode. Four process parameters were selected, namely initial pH (pH 4-10), current density (44.5-133.5 A/m 2 ), electrode spacing (10-20 mm), and experimental time (20-100 min) to optimize the condition with surface response methodology. At optimum condition maximum, 69.2% chemical oxygen demand and 88.6% color reduction were archived at pH 7, current 1 A, electrode distance 1.5 cm and treatment time 60 min. The coefficient of the model predicted (R 2 ) value of 0.87 and 0.48, and adjusted (R 2 ) value of 0.64 and 0.45 for chemical oxygen demand and color reduction were obtained. The physicochemical characteristic indicates that settling sludge has more inorganic material as compared to floating sludge; hence, settling sludge has low calorific value than floating sludge.