Sulphur-cycling bacteria and ciliated protozoans in a Beggiatoaceae mat covering organically enriched sediments beneath a salmon farm in a southern Chilean fjord

Aranda, Carlos; Valenzuela, Cristina Ofelia; Matamala, Yessica; Godoy, Félix A.; Aranda, Nicol

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.040

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In this study, lime percentage, redox potential and total sulfur were positively correlated to depth, while the clay particles percentages were negatively correlated with depth ( Table 1 ). The electronegative redox values measured in the first 5 cm of the sediments in all shallow sites ( Table 1 ), suggested that oxygen was depleted by microbial respiration as common reported for this layer in shallow marine sediments ( Aranda et al, 2015 ). Electronegative redox values in the shallow samples were likely enhanced at higher fine-grained clay content, since this diminishes the sediment permeability as reported elsewhere for sediments in the continental platform ( Probandt et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…It is well recognized that marine sediments are dynamic environments shaped by interactions among biotic and abiotic processes, including the redox reactions ( Wasmund, Mußmann & Loy, 2017 ). In the present study, the electronegative redox values detected in the first 5 cm of the sediments for shallow sites ( Table 1 ), suggested high microbial respiration or anoxic/reducing conditions ( Valdes & Real, 2004 ; Aranda et al, 2015 ). However, genera known to be both aerobic (e.g., Marinicella and Nitrosopumilus ) and anaerobic (e.g., Amphritea , Desulfococcus , GOUTA - 19 , LCP - 6 , and Pseudidiomarina ) were found in shallow samples ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

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Assessment of the bacterial community structure in shallow and deep sediments of the Perdido Fold Belt region in the Gulf of Mexico

Jiménez

Cerqueda-García

Montero-Muñoz

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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The Mexican region of the Perdido Fold Belt (PFB), in northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GoM), is a geological province with important oil reservoirs that will be subjected to forthcoming oil exploration and extraction activities. To date, little is known about the native microbial communities of this region, and how these change relative to water depth. In this study we assessed the bacterial community structure of surficial sediments by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene at 11 sites in the PFB, along a water column depth gradient from 20 to 3,700 m, including five shallow (20–600 m) and six deep (2,800–3,700 m) samples. The results indicated that OTUs richness and diversity were higher for shallow sites (OTUs = 2,888.2 ± 567.88; H′ = 9.6 ± 0.85) than for deep sites (OTUs = 1,884.7 ± 464.2; H′ = 7.74 ± 1.02). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination revealed that shallow microbial communities grouped separately from deep samples. Additionally, the shallow sites plotted further from each other on the NMDS whereas samples from the deeper sites (abyssal plains) plotted much more closely to each other. These differences were related to depth, redox potential, sulfur concentration, and grain size (lime and clay), based on the environmental variables fitted with the axis of the NMDS ordination. In addition, differential abundance analysis identified 147 OTUs with significant fold changes among the zones (107 from shallow and 40 from deep sites), which constituted 10 to 40% of the total relative abundances of the microbial communities. The most abundant OTUs with significant fold changes in shallow samples corresponded to Kordiimonadales, Rhodospirillales, Desulfobacterales (Desulfococcus), Syntrophobacterales and Nitrospirales (GOUTA 19, BD2-6, LCP-6), whilst Chromatiales, Oceanospirillales (Amphritea, Alcanivorax), Methylococcales, Flavobacteriales, Alteromonadales (Shewanella, ZD0117) and Rhodobacterales were the better represented taxa in deep samples. Several of the OTUs detected in both deep and shallow sites have been previously related to hydrocarbons consumption. Thus, this metabolism seems to be well represented in the studied sites, and it could abate future hydrocarbon contamination in this ecosystem. The results presented herein, along with biological and physicochemical data, constitute an available reference for further monitoring of the bacterial communities in this economically important region in the GoM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Assessment of the bacterial community structure in shallow and deep sediments of the Perdido Fold Belt region in the Gulf of Mexico

Jiménez

Cerqueda-García

Montero-Muñoz

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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“…7c). Sulfurovum which can oxidize sulfur compounds coupled to the reduction of nitrate or perchlorate was the primary bacterium in T-driven PCRB (16.53%) and S-driven PCRB (57.79%) (Aranda et al, 2015;Inagaki et al, 2004). However, the proportion of Sulfurovum was only 6.04% in the original activated sludge (Fig.…”

Section: Microbial Community Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Characteristics of electron transport chain and affecting factors for thiosulfate-driven perchlorate reduction

et al. 2017

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The mechanism for perchlorate reduction was investigated using thiosulfate-driven (T-driven) perchlorate reduction bacteria. The influences of various environmental conditions on perchlorate reduction, including pH, temperature and electron acceptors were examined. The maximum perchlorate removal rate was observed at pH 7.5 and 40 °C. Perchlorate reduction was delayed due to the coexistence of perchlorate-chlorate and perchlorate-nitrate. The mechanism of the T-driven perchlorate reduction electron transport chain (ETC) was also investigated by utilizing different inhibitors. The results were as follows: firstly, the NADH dehydrogenase was not involved in the ETC; secondly, the FAD dehydrogenase and quinone loop participated in the ETC; and thirdly, cytochrome oxidase was the main pathway in the ETC. Meanwhile, microbial consortium structure analysis indicated that Sulfurovum which can oxidize sulfur compounds coupled to the reduction of nitrate or perchlorate was the primary bacterium in the T-driven and sulfur-driven consortium. This study generates a better understanding of the mechanism of T-driven perchlorate reduction.

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“…Based on benthic samples collected from two salmon farms located in Southern Chile, Aranda et al (, ) reported Beggiatoa spp . mats directly beneath the fish cages but not outside, which indicates localized significant benthic organic enrichment.…”

Section: Salmon Farming Environmental Impacts During the Marine Fattementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental issues in Chilean salmon farming: a review

Quiñones

Fuentes

Montes

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

203

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The growth of Chilean salmon production has not been free of important sanitary and environmental shortcomings. To ensure sustainability, it is necessary to understand the environmental impacts of salmon production on the Patagonian ecosystems. Currently, there is limited regulation or monitoring of impacts in the freshwater phase compared to the marine fattening stage, and there is some evidence of local eutrophication impact and diversity changes downstream the farms. Eutrophication of Patagonian channels and fjords from marine farms has been recognized as crucial environmental risk, although most scientific evidence comes from local effects below and around farms. So far, there are no regulations based on carrying capacity estimates to limit maximum fish biomass per area or water body. There is controversy regarding the potential role of nutrients derived from farming in triggering harmful algal blooms, yet current environmental monitoring and available information does not allow establishing or rejecting a cause–effect relationship. Pesticides used to control sea lice infestation have been shown to be deleterious to some non‐target species. There is evidence that the use of high quantities of antibiotics has allowed the development of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in sediments and there is concern that salmon aquaculture has the potential to increase the proportion of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria to antibiotics that are used in human medicine. There is an urgent need for more comprehensive ecosystem (beyond farm) studies on the impacts of antibiotics. Escapes of salmon (exotic species) from farms are a relevant environmental risk, although the most farmed species, Salmo salar, has shown little success in establishing wild populations. The review identifies critical knowledge gaps whose fulfilment is essential to advance towards an ecosystem approach to aquaculture and to protect Patagonian ecosystems.

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Sulphur-cycling bacteria and ciliated protozoans in a Beggiatoaceae mat covering organically enriched sediments beneath a salmon farm in a southern Chilean fjord

Cited by 24 publications

References 63 publications

Assessment of the bacterial community structure in shallow and deep sediments of the Perdido Fold Belt region in the Gulf of Mexico

Assessment of the bacterial community structure in shallow and deep sediments of the Perdido Fold Belt region in the Gulf of Mexico

Characteristics of electron transport chain and affecting factors for thiosulfate-driven perchlorate reduction

Environmental issues in Chilean salmon farming: a review

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