Sulphur mustard degradation on zirconium doped Ti–Fe oxides

Ge4+ doped TiO2 for stoichiometric degradation of warfare agents

“…The overall total detoxification reaction can hence be simplified to a description of two parallel reactions, one of which is faster (direct chemisorption on the more active areas of nanocrystal, edges and corners) and the other slower for the interactions which take place in less active (less accessible) reaction centres. Therefore, kinetic data of decomposition warfare agents were analyzed using the equation of the form [13,34]:…”

“…Diffraction patterns were collected with diffractometer PANalytical XǐPert PRO with Cu X-ray tube and PIXcel detector [13].…”

“…While other researchers mostly used aerogels [10,12] there are other, less instrumentally demanding and more versatile methods to synthesis of nanocrystalline metal oxides [7,8]. Still the nature of surface (chemical composition of oxides) [13] is more important then only specific surface areas. Modification of titania catalysts by Ge has been studied in the last decade.…”

Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Stoichiometric Degradation of Chemical Warfare Agents

“…However, even a very substantial increase in the surface area itself can hardly explain the enhanced reactivity of nano-sized oxide materials. The reactivity of nanocrystalline metal oxides may be demonstrated by titanium oxide (Stengl et al 2011a ): In Fig. 1 , a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide presents a Ti4+ cation shown in white.…”

“…As may be generalized from kinetic measurements, two stages with different kinetics may be distinguished on degradation curves (Stengl et al 2011a ): the initial stage characterized by a relatively rapid decrease in the concentration of the chemical agent is followed by a slower stage, where the decomposition rate is governed mainly by diffusion.…”