Sum frequency generation (SFG) microscopy analysis of cellulose microfibrils in Physcomitrium patens gametophore leaf

Lee, Jongcheol; Chaves, Arielle M.; Choi, Juseok; Roberts, Alison W.; Kim, Seong H.

doi:10.1007/s10570-023-05355-w

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…The SFG hyperspectral images at 3320 cm –1 (Figure B,C) show the intensity enhancement and reduction in the two different edge regions upon the sample rotation; the transverse edge regions have a higher intensity than the longitudinal in Figure B, and this trend switches in Figure C. Moreover, within the CH stretch region, the 2860–2880/2944 cm –1 and 2968/2944 cm –1 intensity ratios also vary upon the rotation of the sample by 90°, which is similar to the 3320/2944 cm –1 ratio trend as observed in previous studies with aligned cellulose microfibrils in natural plant cell walls. ,, …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Regiospecific Cellulose Orientation and Anisotropic Mechanical Property in Plant Cell Walls

Lee,

Choi,

Feng

et al. 2023

Biomacromolecules

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Cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) are a major loadbearing component in plant cell walls. Thus, their structures have been studied extensively with spectroscopic and microscopic characterization methods, but the findings from these two approaches were inconsistent, which hampers the mechanistic understanding of cell wall mechanics. Here, we report the regiospecific assembly of CMFs in the periclinal wall of plant epidermal cells. Using sum frequency generation spectroscopic imaging, we found that CMFs are highly aligned in the cell edge region where two cells form a junction, whereas they are mostly isotropic on average throughout the wall thickness in the flat face region of the epidermal cell. This subcellular-level heterogeneity in the CMF alignment provided a new perspective on tissue-level anisotropy in the tensile modulus of cell wall materials. This finding also has resolved a previous contradiction between the spectroscopic and microscopic imaging studies, which paves a foundation for better understanding of the cell wall architecture, especially structure−geometry relationships.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Regiospecific Cellulose Orientation and Anisotropic Mechanical Property in Plant Cell Walls

Lee,

Choi,

Feng

et al. 2023

Biomacromolecules

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Recent advances in analyzing protein and peptide structures at interfaces using vibrational sum-frequency generation

Wang,

Bai,

Peng

et al. 2024

Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics

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The structure of protein and peptide at interfaces plays a crucial role in various biological processes and technological advancements. Understanding these structures is critical for diagnosing diseases, drug delivery, and developing biomaterials. However, the complexity of these systems and limitations in analytical tools have hindered the in-depth exploration. Despite significant efforts in determining protein structures using advanced techniques like X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, the understanding of surface-bound protein structures in real conditions remains relatively limited, posing a current challenge in this field. Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy has been developed as a versatile method for elucidating molecular structures of proteins across interfaces. This review is intended to introduce the basic principle of SFG spectroscopy, discuss its current advancements in phase measurement, and showcase recent examples (2021–2023) illustrating SFG’s ability in revealing the molecular structure of peptides and proteins at interfaces. This concise review aims to establish a foundation for future studies and applications exploring different types of peptides and proteins at interfaces using SFG.

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NST3 induces ectopic transdifferentiation, forming secondary walls with diverse patterns and composition in Arabidopsis thaliana

Tamadaddi,

Choi,

Ghasemi

et al. 2024

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims The master transcription factor NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR3 (NST3), also known as SND1, plays a pivotal role in regulating secondary cell wall (SCW) development in interfascicular and xylary fibres in Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite progress in understanding SCW assembly in xylem vessel-like cells, the mechanisms behind its assembly across different cell types remain unclear. Overexpression of NST3 or its homologue NST1 leads to reduced fertility, posing challenges for studying their impact on secondary wall formation. This study aimed to develop a tightly regulated dexamethasone (DEX)-inducible expression system for NST3 and NST1 to elucidate the structure and assembly of diverse SCWs. Methods Using the DEX-inducible system, we characterized ectopically formed SCWs for their diverse patterns, mesoscale organization, cellulose microfibril orientation and molecular composition using spinning disc confocal microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy, and histochemical staining and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, respectively. Key Results Upon DEX treatment, NST3 and NST1 transgenic hypocotyls underwent time-dependent transdifferentiation, progressing from protoxylem-like to metaxylem-like cells. NST3-induced plants exhibited normal growth but had rough secondary wall surfaces with delaminating S2 and S3 layers. Mesoscale examination of induced SCWs in epidermal cells revealed that macrofibril thickness and orientation were comparable to xylem vessels, while wall thickness resembled that of interfascicular fibres. Additionally, induced epidermal cells formed SCWs with altered cellulose and lignin contents. Conclusions These findings suggest NST3 and/or NST1 induce SCWs with shared characteristics of both xylem and fibre-like cells forming loosely arranged cell wall layers and cellulose organized at multiple angles relative to the cell growth axis and with varied cellulose and lignin abundance. This inducible system opens avenues to explore ectopic SCWs for bioenergy and bioproducts, offering valuable insights into SCW patterning across diverse cell types and developmental stages.

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Sum frequency generation (SFG) microscopy analysis of cellulose microfibrils in Physcomitrium patens gametophore leaf

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Regiospecific Cellulose Orientation and Anisotropic Mechanical Property in Plant Cell Walls

Regiospecific Cellulose Orientation and Anisotropic Mechanical Property in Plant Cell Walls

Recent advances in analyzing protein and peptide structures at interfaces using vibrational sum-frequency generation

NST3 induces ectopic transdifferentiation, forming secondary walls with diverse patterns and composition in Arabidopsis thaliana

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