Summary estimates of cholesterol used to predict coronary heart disease.

Castelli, W P; Abbott, R D; McNamara, Patricia

doi:10.1161/01.cir.67.4.730

Cited by 373 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…TC/ HDL-c is considered to be an important atherogenic risk factor. Improvement in the TC/HDL-c observed in cholesterol-stressed, fish supplemented animals (14) is in agreement with another study (15). But this beneficial effect is masked during copper toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of dietary fish on the lipid profile of cholesterolstressed rats during copper overload

Nandini

Rahiman

Rao³

2000

Indian J Clin Biochem

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The effect of dietary supplementation with Oil sardine (Sardinella Iongiceps ) fish at 2/3 fat replacement, on serum Ilpids in the cholesterol-stressed copper loaded rate was studied. Hypercholesterolemic state observed during copper toxicity was not alleviated by sardines. Copper loading significantly decreased the triglyceride levels and the activity of 13-hydroxy 13-methyl glutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase. Fish supplementation was further effective in reducing the tdglyceride levels in copper loaded rate. Significant Increase in the serum phospholipid was observed in the fish supplemented rate during copper overload. The finding suggests that hypolipidemic potential of fish is certainly altered to some extent in copper toxicity since, it is well known that copper enhances the formation of free radicals. Thus it may be concluded that sardine fish is not effective in reducing the cholesterol levels during copper toxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of dietary fish on the lipid profile of cholesterolstressed rats during copper overload

Nandini

Rahiman

Rao³

2000

Indian J Clin Biochem

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“…This index is considered a simple approach for lipid risk assessment, the high total cholesterol is a marker for atherogenic lipoproteins and low HDL cholesterol correlates with risk factors of metabolic syndrome. 14,16 Few studies on the prevalence of dyslipidemia carried out in Brazil have been published. [10][11][12] In the northeast region, a cross-sectional study 12 conducted among a sample of 372 patients with and without antiretroviral therapy found high TC, low HDL and high TG levels in 20.1%, 57.1% and 26.5% of subjects, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 To assess cardiovascular risk, Castelli's Index I was calculated using the ratio: TC/HDL-C; a Castelli Index I > 5.1 for men and > 4.4 for women were considered indicative of an elevated risk. 14 Descriptive and exploratory statistical methods were used: measurements of central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables, frequency distributions with their respective confidence intervals for categorical variables. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate differences in frequency distribution.…”

Section: Brief Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia in AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy

Nery¹,

Martelli²,

Turchi³

2011

Braz J Infect Dis

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Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduces AIDS-related morbidity and mortality, however it has been associated with metabolic abnormalities. This study estimated the prevalence of lipid abnormalities and related factors among patients on HAART. A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients, in central Brazil. Patients were interviewed, and blood obtained for lipids measurement. Dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 240 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ≥ 160 mg/dL, triglycerides (TG) > 200 and/or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) < 40 mg/dL. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed (SPSS 13.0). One hundred and thirteen patients were recruited. Mean age was 39.3 years; 68.1% were males; 50.4% were on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) in combination with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), while 42.5% were on NRTI in combination with protease inhibitors (PIs). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 66.7%. Low HDL was the most frequent abnormality (53.5%), followed by high TG (36.1%). Patients on a PI regimen had a 5.2-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.8-14.8) of dyslipidemia, even after adjusting for sex, age, and duration of HIV infection/AIDS. The study discloses a high prevalence rate of dyslipidemia and points out a need for intervention programs to reduce future cardiovascular events in patients, on HAART.

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“…On the basis of the Framingham Study data, elevated TC/HDL cholesterol was defined as a ratio of 6.0 or more. 23 Adiposity was assessed by using Quetelet's body mass index [weight(kg)/height(m) 2 ]. Alcohol intake was assessed from the subjects' estimate of the usual frequency of drinking (number of days per week) and the usual number of drinks consumed on each day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma lipoprotein levels in treated and untreated hypertensive men and women. The National Heart Foundation of Australia Risk Factor Prevalence Study.

MacMahon¹,

Macdonald²,

Blacket³

1985

Arteriosclerosis

110

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Experimental studies have reported that common antihypertensive drugs such as diuretics, beta-blockers, and methyldopa have adverse effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. To investigate whether such effects can be observed in the general population, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were compared in subjects receiving antihypertensive treatment, subjects with untreated high blood pressure, and subjects with normal blood pressure in a random sample of 5603 subjects screened in a national study of risk factor prevalence in Australia. In both sexes, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower in the group receiving treatment than in the others (p < 0.001). In men, triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.001) and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (TC/HDL cholesterol) (p < 0.05) were higher in the group receiving treatment. In both sexes, the differences in plasma lipids and lipoproteins between treated and untreated hypertensive groups were independent of age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and smoking. More than 40% of the treated or untreated hypertensive men and women had elevated total cholesterol (TC > 252 mg/dl) or an elevated TC/HDL cholesterol ratio (>6.0). In men receiving antihypertensive treatment, the prevalence of an elevated TC/HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly greater than in men with untreated high blood pressure (p < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that the effects of antihypertensive treatment on plasma lipids and lipoproteins can be observed in population lipid and lipoprotein levels. Even before treatment, a large proportion of high blood pressure patients have a significant plasma cholesterol abnormality, which may be aggravated by conventional antihypertensive therapy. (Arteriosclerosis 5:391-396, July/August 1985)

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Summary estimates of cholesterol used to predict coronary heart disease.

Cited by 373 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of dietary fish on the lipid profile of cholesterolstressed rats during copper overload

Effect of dietary fish on the lipid profile of cholesterolstressed rats during copper overload

Dyslipidemia in AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy

Plasma lipoprotein levels in treated and untreated hypertensive men and women. The National Heart Foundation of Australia Risk Factor Prevalence Study.

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