Summary of Existing Models of the Ni‐P Coating Electroless Deposition Process

Abstract

Electroless nickel‐phosphorous plating is a technique often employed in preparation of protective, decorative, and functional coatings. Several feasible mechanisms are discussed in the literature. The influence of process parameters on metal coating deposition is analyzed and described. Nevertheless, some basics of the process and the fundamental aspects of plating still not explained. A number of research groups make an effort to provide a description of the process with a physical model. The aim is to design a theoretical model that could be valid under operating conditions on a practical scale. This work gives a short review of the published data on the mechanism and kinetics of the electroless Ni‐P deposition process. The review also touches a novel approach—proposition to analyze data using artificial intelligence tools.

Electroless Metallization of the Elements: Survey and Progress

“…In addition to EL baths, various examples of conventional applications of EL Ni and its alloys ( e.g ., Mo, W, Re) that exploit enhanced wear resistance, hardness, corrosion resistance, and ferromagnetic properties have been described previously in this article (note, e.g ., Molybdenum and Tungsten section and Rhenium section) and in numerous reviews. ,,,,,,− Likewise, examples have been described elsewhere in this article or others for EL Ni as a substrate for diffusion barriers ( e.g ., Molybdenum and Tungsten section), ,, Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) ( e.g ., Gold section), ,− Electroless Nickel Electroless Palladium Immersion Gold (ENEPIG) ( e.g ., Palladium section), ,, and EMI shielding ,,− and will not be discussed here. The use of EL Ni processes for the fabrication of ultrablack films for optical applications has also been reviewed .…”

Optimization of electroless Ni-P coating bath and its impact in the Industrial Applications

“…This mechanism considered that Ni plating is resulted from anodic and cathodic reactions. The anodic reaction is the oxidation of hypophosphite with water, which generates electrons needed for cathodic reactions according to the equation 1 [4,5,[21][22][23]:…”

“…It is well known that, for Ni deposition, the H + are generated according to the atomic hydrogen mechanism. The atomic hydrogen is produced from hypophosphite reduction with water, and is then desorbed at the catalytic surface according to the equations below [23]:…”

IV. Ikergazte. Nazioarteko ikerketa euskaraz. Kongresuko artikulu bilduma. Zientziak eta Natura Zientzia

“…Hipofosfitoak (H2PO2 -) metala erreduzitzean fosfitoa (HPO3 2-) sortzen du oxidazio-produktu gisa (Stankiewicz et al, 2013). Ondorioz, erreduktorearen kontzentrazioa gutxitzen joaten da estaldurak egiten direnean, eta hipofosfitoaren kontzentrazioa estaldura bakoitzaren ondoren doitu behar da.…”