summary of the California aerosol characterization experiment

Hidy, George M.; Appel, B.R.; Charlson, Robert J.; Clark, W.A.T.; Friedlander, Sheldon K.; Hutchison, Dale H.; Smith, Theodore B.; Suder, Jack K.; Wesolowski, J.J.; Whitby, K.T.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1975.10470183

Cited by 85 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Some evidence of photochemical sulfate formation is discussed in previous atmospheric studies. 28^31 On the other hand, the loss of NH 4 + is ascribed to NH 4 C1 and NH4NO3, as discussed before. Thus the inventory of NH 4 + on a filter is obtained as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Apca Note-bookmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Quantitative Estimation of Sodium- and Ammonium-Nitrate, Ammonium Chloride, and Ammonium Sulfate in Ambient Particulate Matter

Yoshizumi¹,

Ôkita

1983

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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Section: Apca Note-bookmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…28^31 On the other hand, the loss of NH 4 + is ascribed to NH 4 C1 and NH4NO3, as discussed before. Thus the inventory of NH 4 + on a filter is obtained as shown in Figure 3. The total NH4 + , which is shown on the abscissa, can be specified by the ordinate reading.…”

Section: Apca Note-bookmentioning

confidence: 81%

Quantitative Estimation of Sodium- and Ammonium-Nitrate, Ammonium Chloride, and Ammonium Sulfate in Ambient Particulate Matter

Yoshizumi¹,

Ôkita

1983

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…The composition of secondary particles across different regions is diverse. For example, in the western United States, specifically California, secondary particles exist in a mixed form as NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 HSO 4 , and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 [10]. In contrast, in northwest Europe, NH 4 NO 3 is the primary form of ammonium salts [11], e.g., in Germany [12], France [13], Britain [14], and the Netherlands [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Compositional Variation and Source Characteristics of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 during Several Winter-Haze Pollution Episodes in Shenyang, China

Hong

et al. 2018

Atmosphere

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Abstract:From 18 February to 13 March 2014 and from 17 December 2016 to 27 January 2017, an online analyzer for monitoring aerosols and gases (MARGA) and an online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) were used to measure and analyze the concentrations and sources of water-soluble (WS) ions in PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and gases (NH 3 , HNO 3 , HCl), in Shenyang City, China. During the field campaign, nine haze episodes (or smog episodes, total 582 h) were identified, with 960 identified as non-haze periods. The average mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and total water-soluble ions (TWSIs) in PM 2.5 during haze episodes were 131 µg·m −3 and 77.2 µg·m −3 , 2.3 times and 1.9 times the values in non-haze periods, respectively. The average mass concentration of TWSIs in PM 2.5 was 55.9 µg·m −3 (accounting for 55.9% of PM 2.5 mass loading), 37.6% of which was sulfate, 31.7% nitrate, 20.0% ammonium, 6.6% chloride, 1.9% potassium, 1.4% calcium, and 0.8% magnesium throughout the campaign. Concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) secondary pollution ions increased rapidly during haze episodes to as much as 2.2 times, 3.0 times, and 2.4 times higher than during non-haze periods, respectively. Diurnal variations during non-haze periods were significant, while complex pollution was insignificant. Based on changes in the backward trajectories and concentrations of WS ions, the hazy episodes were divided into three types: complex, coal-burning, and automobile exhaust pollution. All complex episodes had high concentrations and greater contributions of ammonium nitrate from complex and automobile exhaust pollution, while the contribution of ammonium sulfate from coal-burning pollution was greater than that of ammonium nitrate. The correlation coefficients among SNA species were very high in complex pollution, with nitrate and sulfate the main forms present. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) were related to emissions from burning coal for heating and from long-range transmission in winter. In the case of exhaust pollution, NO 3 − accounted for the highest percentage of PM 2.5 , and NH 4 + was more closely related to NO 3 − than to SO 4 2− . Coal-burning pollution was the most common type of pollution in Shenyang. The contribution of sulfate was higher than that of nitrate. Based on PCA, the contribution of coal-burning emissions varied from 36.7% to 53.6% due to industry, soil sources, and other factors.

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“…EAA measurements of the size distribution of the aerosol emitted from gasoline-powered automobiles on a dynamometer also have been made (Miller et al, 1976). Several investigators have at-tempted to measure the size distribution of fresh traffic aerosol by sampling in the vicinity of heavily trafficked areas using cascade impactors (Berner et al, 1979;Berner and Lurzer, 1980;Berner and Reischl, 1983;Berner et al, 1984) or EAAs and optical particle counters (Hidy et al, 1975;Whitby et al, 1975;Wilson et al, 1977). The size distributions of aerosol emissions from industrial-scale boilers burning no.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submicrometer Aerosol Mass Distributions of Emissions from Boilers, Fireplaces, Automobiles, Diesel Trucks, and Meat-Cooking Operations

Hildemann

Markowski

Jones

et al. 1991

Aerosol Science and Technology

180

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summary of the California aerosol characterization experiment

Cited by 85 publications

References 6 publications

Quantitative Estimation of Sodium- and Ammonium-Nitrate, Ammonium Chloride, and Ammonium Sulfate in Ambient Particulate Matter

Quantitative Estimation of Sodium- and Ammonium-Nitrate, Ammonium Chloride, and Ammonium Sulfate in Ambient Particulate Matter

Analysis of Compositional Variation and Source Characteristics of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 during Several Winter-Haze Pollution Episodes in Shenyang, China

Submicrometer Aerosol Mass Distributions of Emissions from Boilers, Fireplaces, Automobiles, Diesel Trucks, and Meat-Cooking Operations

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