Analysis of Compositional Variation and Source Characteristics of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 during Several Winter-Haze Pollution Episodes in Shenyang, China

Hong, Yun–Chul; Li, Chaoliu; Li, Xiaolan; Ma, Yanjun; Zhang, Yunhai; De-ping, Zhou; Wang, Yangfeng; Liu, Ningwei; Chang, Xiaona

doi:10.3390/atmos9070280

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…To evaluate these increased concentrations, the observation data from Shenyang in northeast China (monitoring station at 123.412 • E, 41.731 • N; gray star in Figure 1) were used [17]. In this study [17], the PM composition was investigated during several haze events, and 17 December 2016, 00:00 to 21 December 2016, 14:00 was classified as a haze event. This event corresponded to the period that we focus on in the present work.…”

Section: Model Performance During Winter Hazementioning

confidence: 99%

Model Performance Differences in Sulfate Aerosol in Winter over Japan Based on Regional Chemical Transport Models of CMAQ and CAMx

et al. 2018

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Sulfate aerosol (SO 4 2− ) is a major component of particulate matter in Japan. The Japanese model intercomparison study, J-STREAM, found that although SO 4 2− is well captured by models, it is underestimated during winter. In the first phase of J-STREAM, we refined the Fe-and Mn-catalyzed oxidation and partly improved the underestimation. The winter haze in December 2016 was a target period in the second phase. The results from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) and Comprehensive Air quality Model with eXtentions (CAMx) regional chemical transport models were compared with observations from the network over Japan and intensive observations at Nagoya and Tokyo. Statistical analysis showed both models satisfied the suggested model performance criteria. CMAQ sensitivity simulations explained the improvements in model performance. CMAQ modeled lower SO 4 2− concentrations than CAMx, despite increased aqueous oxidation via the metal catalysis pathway and NO 2 reaction in CMAQ. Deposition explained this difference. A scatter plot demonstrated that the lower SO 4 2− concentration in CMAQ than in CAMx arose from the lower SO 2 concentration and higher SO 4 2− wet deposition in CMAQ. The dry deposition velocity caused the difference in SO 2 concentration. These results suggest the importance of deposition in improving our understanding of ambient concentration behavior.

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Section: Model Performance During Winter Hazementioning

confidence: 99%

Model Performance Differences in Sulfate Aerosol in Winter over Japan Based on Regional Chemical Transport Models of CMAQ and CAMx

et al. 2018

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“…As a comprehensive transportation hub from the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to the three northeastern provinces, Shenyang's air quality has attracted wide attention. Although there have been some studies on the characteristics of air pollutants in Shenyang at this stage, the existing studies mainly analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of short-term or particulate matter [27][28][29]. There is a lack of comparative analyses on the pollution characteristics of the six common pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Pollution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Main Pollutants in the Atmosphere of Shenyang City

et al. 2020

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Air pollution is one of the most concerning environmental problems in cities. Hourly data on pollutant concentrations from 11 automatic atmospheric monitoring stations and meteorological data in Shenyang from 2017 to 2019 were used to analyze the spatio-temporal variation rules of CO (carbon monoxide), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), O3 (ozone), PM2.5 and PM10 (PM particles with an aerodynamic diameters of not more than 2.5 µm and 10 µm) and their relationships with meteorological parameters. Meanwhile, the regional transmission route of pollutants was analyzed by the hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The results showed that the concentration of O3 in the northern area of the city was higher than that in the south; CO, SO2 and NO2 were relatively high in the urban center; and PM2.5 and PM10 were relatively high in the southwest. The average concentration of pollutants was lowest in 2019. The concentration of O3 was the highest in spring, while CO showed no significant variations between different seasons. The remaining pollutant concentrations appeared to be high in winter and low in summer. The cumulative concentrations of the six pollutants were the highest in March, and relatively low in July–September. The diurnal concentration variations of O3, CO and SO2 exhibited a “single peak,” while others showed a “double peak and double valley.” Temperature was positively correlated with O3 concentration and negatively correlated with others. Wind speed was negatively correlated with the concentration of PM2.5, NO2, and O3. The air quality of the main urban area in spring and summer was mainly affected by the coastal air flow, while it was mostly affected by the northwest air flow in autumn and winter.

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“…This may be related to the unfavorable meteorological diffusion conditions in winter [40]. Further, these values in Nanjing were higher than those in Xiamen (28.7%), but comparable to those in Shenyang (55.9%) or Shanghai (55.9%) [41][42][43]. Since they come from different sources, their contents can be used to reflect the origin of the particles [38] ) can be used to distinguish the fixed sources (e.g., coal burning) from the mobile sources (e.g., vehicle exhaust).…”

Section: Water-soluble Ionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Chemical Characterization of Seasonal PM2.5 Samples and Their Cytotoxicity in Human Lung Epithelial Cells (A549)

Chen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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In order to study the toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) sourced from different seasons on human health, we collected PM2.5 samples quarterly from March 2016 to February 2017 in Nanjing, China. The component analysis results showed that high proportions of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), SO42−, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were found in the summer samples, while high proportions of NO3−, NH4+ and heavy metals were observed in the spring and winter samples. Then human lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to the PM2.5 samples. The toxicological results indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the spring and winter samples was higher than that in the summer and fall samples, which was related to the contribution of some heavy metals and inorganic ions (e.g., Pb and NO3−). However, the apoptosis rates of the cells showed the opposite seasonal changes as what the ROS did, which might be caused by the higher WSOC content in the summer. In addition, regression analysis also showed the importance of the PM2.5 components in ROS production and apoptosis. Particularly, Zn had the strongest correlation with ROS production (R = 0.863) and cell apoptosis (R = 0.675); thus, the specific toxicity of Zn in PM2.5 deserves further investigation. Our results could be beneficial for assessing the health risks and controlling the toxic components of PM2.5 in Nanjing.

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Analysis of Compositional Variation and Source Characteristics of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 during Several Winter-Haze Pollution Episodes in Shenyang, China

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Model Performance Differences in Sulfate Aerosol in Winter over Japan Based on Regional Chemical Transport Models of CMAQ and CAMx

Model Performance Differences in Sulfate Aerosol in Winter over Japan Based on Regional Chemical Transport Models of CMAQ and CAMx

Analysis of Pollution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Main Pollutants in the Atmosphere of Shenyang City

Chemical Characterization of Seasonal PM2.5 Samples and Their Cytotoxicity in Human Lung Epithelial Cells (A549)

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