Chemical Characterization of Seasonal PM2.5 Samples and Their Cytotoxicity in Human Lung Epithelial Cells (A549)

Di, Ao; Wu, Yun; Chen, Mindong; Nie, Dongyang; Ge, Xinlei

doi:10.3390/ijerph17124599

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The production change of these VOC species might be caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The toxicological results indicated that ROS production was significantly correlated with NO 3 − , NH 4 − , and water-soluble organic matter in PM, 40,41 which could play an important role in the change in exhaled VOCs. In this work, the PM 2.5 levels ranged from 6.58 μg/m 3 to more than 100 μg/m 3 and PM 10 levels ranged from 30.08 to 224.35 μg/m 3 .…”

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confidence: 97%

Haze Air Pollution Health Impacts of Breath-Borne VOCs

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Here, we investigated the use of breath-borne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for rapid monitoring of air pollution health effects on humans. Forty-seven healthy college students were recruited, and their exhaled breath samples (n = 235) were collected and analyzed for VOCs before, on, and after two separate haze pollution episodes using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Using a paired t-test and machine learning model (Gradient Boosting Machine, GBM), six exhaled VOC species including propanol and isoprene were revealed to differ significantly among pre-, on-, and post-exposure in both haze episodes, while none was found between clean control days. The GBM model was shown capable of differentiating between pre- and on-exposure to haze pollution with a precision of 90–100% for both haze episodes. However, poor performance was detected for the same model between two different clean days. In addition to gender and particular haze occurrence influences, correlation analysis revealed that NH4 +, NO3 –, acetic acid, mesylate, CO, NO2, PM2.5, and O3 played important roles in the changes in breath-borne VOC fingerprints following haze air pollution exposure. This work has demonstrated direct evidence of human health impacts of haze pollution while identifying potential breath-borne VOC biomarkers such as propanol and isoprene for haze air pollution exposure.

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confidence: 97%

Haze Air Pollution Health Impacts of Breath-Borne VOCs

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The high SNA concentrations in PM 2.5 samples from 2015 to 2019 indicated relatively severe secondary pollution around the sampling sites. The ratio of NO 3 - concentration to SO 4 2- concentration is often used to identify whether NO x and SO 2 in the atmosphere come from mobile or fixed sources [ 35 ]. If the ratio is greater than 1, the emission sources are dominated by mobile sources (e.g., vehicle exhaust) and conversely by fixed sources (e.g., coal combustion).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM2.5 in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019

Liu

Chen

et al. 2023

Toxics

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PM2.5 is an air pollutant with complex components. After entering the body through respiration, PM2.5 can not only cause respiratory diseases, but also break through the blood–testis barrier and influence the reproductive system. PM2.5 with different components may result in different toxic effects. In the first five years of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area, industrial transformation would change the concentration and chemical fraction of PM2.5 in the local environment to a certain extent. In this study, PM2.5 collected in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area every autumn and winter from 2015 to 2019 was analyzed. PM2.5 concentration generally decreased year by year. The large proportion of secondary inorganic ions indicated the presence of secondary pollution at the sampling site. PM2.5 was mainly emitted from fossil fuel combustion and vehicle exhaust. The cytotoxicity of PM2.5 samples was evaluated by PM2.5 exposure to mouse spermatocytes (GC-2spd(ts) cells). Cell viability was relatively low in 2016 and 2018, and relatively high in 2017 and 2019. Reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage levels followed similar trends, with an overall annual decrease. The cytotoxicity of PM2.5 on GC-2spd(ts) cells was significantly correlated with water-soluble ions, water-soluble organic carbon, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p < 0.01). According to principal component analysis and multiple linear regression, fossil fuel combustion, secondary transformation of pollutants and construction dust were identified as the major contributors to cytotoxic effects, contributing more than 50%.

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“…Other trace elements such as Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr and Cs were present at low levels, accounting for about 5.3–6.2% of the total amount analysed. Of these, Fe and Al—as crustal elements—were mainly derived from soil and dust, while the presence of high proportions of Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn detected in PM 2.5 and PM 1 samples may be directly related to vehicle emissions due to the proximity of sampling points to high-traffic-flow paths [ 48 ]. Cu and Pb mainly originated from motor vehicle emissions and industrial emissions, and both showed similar trends in the proportion of PM 2.5 and PM 1 samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition and Transgenerational Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans of Seasonal Fine Particulate Matter

Yang

Liu

et al. 2023

Toxics

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While numerous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of fine particulate matter (PM) on human health, little attention has been paid to its impact on offspring health. The multigenerational toxic effects on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were investigated by acute exposure. PM2.5 and PM1 samples were collected and analysed for their chemical composition (inorganic ions, metals, OM, PAHs) in different seasons from April 2019 to January 2020 in Lin’an, China. A higher proportion of organic carbon components (34.3%, 35.9%) and PAHs (0.0144%, 0.0200%) occupied the PM2.5 and PM1 samples in winter, respectively. PM1 in summer was enriched with some metal elements (2.7%). Exposure to fine PM caused developmental slowing and increased germ cell apoptosis, as well as inducing intestinal autofluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. PM1 caused stronger toxic effects than PM2.5. The correlation between PM component and F0 generation toxicity index was analysed. Body length, germ cell apoptosis and intestinal autofluorescence were all highly correlated with Cu, As, Pb, OC and PAHs, most strongly with PAHs. The highest correlation coefficients between ROS and each component are SO42- (R = 0.743), Cd (R = 0.816) and OC (R = 0.716). The results imply that OC, PAHs and some transition metals play an important role in the toxicity of fine PM to C. elegans, where the organic fraction may be the key toxicogenic component. The multigenerational studies show that PM toxicity can be passed from parent to offspring, and gradually returns to control levels in the F3–F4 generation with germ cell apoptosis being restored in the F4 generation. Therefore, the adverse effects of PM on reproductive damage are more profound.

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Chemical Characterization of Seasonal PM2.5 Samples and Their Cytotoxicity in Human Lung Epithelial Cells (A549)

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Haze Air Pollution Health Impacts of Breath-Borne VOCs

Haze Air Pollution Health Impacts of Breath-Borne VOCs

Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM2.5 in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019

Chemical Composition and Transgenerational Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans of Seasonal Fine Particulate Matter

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