Summary of the international consensus symposium on advances in the diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection

Meer, J.T.M. van der; Drew, W. Lawrence; Bowden, Raleigh A.; Galasso, George J.; Griffiths, Paul; Jabs, Douglas A.; Katlama, Christine; Spector, Stephen A.; Whitley, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(96)01006-6

Cited by 96 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…HCMV is a serious, life-threatening opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised persons, and is one of the principal causes of congenital malformations and neurological defects in infected neonates [19][20][21][22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although HCMV has a world-wide distribution, infection with HCMV is more common in developing countries, particularly in areas with poor socioeconomic conditions 5,22 . As with other herpesvirus infections, primary HCMV infection is followed by chronic infection or viral latency from which the virus may be reactivated 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary infection or reactivation of HCMV is usually either subclinical or self-limiting in immunocompetent persons 5,12,18 . However, in immunocompromised hosts such as organ transplant recipients, patients with cancer and individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or in congenital infections, a significantly adverse clinical course and outcome is often seen [18][19][20][21][22] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pregnant women, distinguishing the primary from non-primary HCMV infection is important, since the former is much more deleterious to the fetus than the latter 22 . This is also true for immunocompromised patients, in whom primary infections are often accompanied by symptoms whereas non-primary infection is usually asymptomatic 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since seroconversion, the most dependable serological marker, and a rise in IgG titres are seldom demonstrable, the detection of HCMV-specific IgM antibodies has been the most frequently used serological procedure for diagnosing acute infection. However, in some persons, IgM may be detected for many months following primary infection and may also be produced following reinfection or reactivation 11,13,15,17,22 . Moreover, false-positive HCMV results may occur with other herpesviruses and with some autoimmune disorders 6,13,17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of an in-house specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity ELISA for distinguishing recent primary from long-term human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection

Souza

Bonon

Costa

et al. 2003

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThis article describes the standardization and evaluation of an in-house specific IgG avidity ELISA for distinguishing recent primary from long-term human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. The test was standardized with the commercial kit ETI-CYTOK G Plus (Sorin Biomedica, Italy) using 8 M urea in phosphate-buffered saline to dissociate low-avidity antibodies after the antigenantibody interaction. The performance of the in-house assay was compared to that of the commercial automated VIDAS CMV IgG avidity test (bioMérieux, France). Forty-nine sera, 24 from patients with a recent primary HCMV infection and 25 from patients with a long-term HCMV infection and a sustained persistence of specific IgM antibodies, were tested. Similar results were obtained with the two avidity methods. All 24 sera from patients with recently acquired infection had avidity indices compatible with acute HCMV infection by the VIDAS method, whereas with the in-house method, one serum sample had an equivocal result. In the 25 sera from patients with long-term infection, identical results were obtained with the two methods, with only one serum sample having an incompatible value. These findings suggest that our in-house avidity test could be a potentially useful tool for the immunodiagnosis of HCMV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of an in-house specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity ELISA for distinguishing recent primary from long-term human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection

Souza

Bonon

Costa

et al. 2003

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotypes in blood of AIDS patients: Lack of association with either the viral DNA load in leukocytes or presence of retinitis

et al. 1999

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It has been suggested that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes could be used as a marker for viral virulence in patients with AIDS. The present study was designed to evaluate a possible association between specific gB genotypes, the presence of HCMV retinitis, and the HCMV viral load. Fifty-four blood samples were obtained from 54 HIV- and HCMV-infected patients. Twenty-seven of these patients were asymptomatic for HCMV, whereas the other 27 patients had been diagnosed recently with HCMV retinitis. HCMV gB genotyping was carried out by using restriction enzyme analysis of PCR-amplified PMNL extracts. Determination of the HCMV viral load in the same specimens was carried out using a quantitative-PCR. HCMV gB genotype 2 was found more frequently than other genotypes in PCR-amplified polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) of patients with AIDS (P < 0.05) but not more frequently in samples from patients with HCMV retinitis. No significant association was found between any HCMV gB genotypes and the viral load in blood. In conclusion, the actual HCMV gB genotyping system using PMNL provides no additional benefit over the viral load in blood for identification of HIV-infected subjects at risk of HCMV disease.

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Quantitative analysis of cytomegalovirus load using a real-time PCR assay

et al. 2000

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A novel real-time PCR assay system was developed to quantify the cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome load. The real-time PCR assay could detect from 6 to over 10(6) copies of CMV-DNA with a wide linear range. The virus load of immunocompromised patients with symptomatic CMV infections was quantified and compared to that of asymptomatic ones. In symptomatic patients, all 17 peripheral blood leukocytes were positive for CMV DNA, and its mean value was 10(3.3) copies/10(6) cells. On the other hand, only 9 of 38 samples (24%) were positive in the asymptomatic patients, and its mean titer was lower (10(2.0) copies/10(6) cells) than that of the symptomatic group (P = 0.002). In plasma, the virus genome was detected in 13 out of 17 samples from symptomatic patients (76%), and its mean value was 10(4.0) copies/ml. In contrast, for the asymptomatic group, only one out of 36 samples were positive (3%). Finally, this system was used to monitor two patients with CMV infections serially. The CMV DNA copy number changed with their clinical symptoms and anti-CMV therapy, and virtually paralleled the result of the pp65 antigenemia assay in both cases. In one patient with the cord blood transplantation, however, the CMV DNA became positive faster than the antigenemia assay. These results indicate that this assay is sensitive and useful for estimating the CMV genome load not only in peripheral blood leukocytes but also in plasma. It can be very helpful for diagnosing CMV-related diseases and monitoring the virus load in patients with CMV infections.

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Summary of the international consensus symposium on advances in the diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection

Cited by 96 publications

References 118 publications

Evaluation of an in-house specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity ELISA for distinguishing recent primary from long-term human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection

Evaluation of an in-house specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity ELISA for distinguishing recent primary from long-term human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection

Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotypes in blood of AIDS patients: Lack of association with either the viral DNA load in leukocytes or presence of retinitis

Quantitative analysis of cytomegalovirus load using a real-time PCR assay

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