Summary of the NACI Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Statement for 2020–2021

Young, Kelsey; Gemmill, Ian; Harrison, Robyn

doi:10.14745/ccdr.v46i05a06

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As a secondary outcome, we used the WHO Clinical Progression Scale in a categorical fashion with a score of ≥6 for severe disease, that is, oxygen by non-invasive ventilation or high flow or mechanical ventilation or vasopressors or death 20. Baseline exposure variables (including the presence of chronic comorbidities: neurological, cardiac, pulmonary (also subcategorised into asthma; non-asthma pulmonary disease), metabolic, renal, and chromosomal disorders, immunosuppression (including malignancy), obesity, prematurity (<37 weeks gestational age), anaemia and/or haemoglobinopathy and ‘other’ comorbidities which included patients who could not be classified into the previous categories) and additional predictor variables are shown in tables 1 and 2 and described in detail in the online supplementary methods 21…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Baseline exposure variables (including the presence of chronic comorbidities: neurological, cardiac, pulmonary (also subcategorised into asthma; non-asthma pulmonary disease), metabolic, renal, and chromosomal disorders, immunosuppression (including malignancy), obesity, prematurity (<37 weeks gestational age), anaemia and/or haemoglobinopathy and 'other' comorbidities which included patients who could not be classified into the previous categories) and additional predictor variables are shown in tables 1 and 2 and described in detail in the online supplementary methods. 21 Data analysis Data were analysed using R V.3.5.2 (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria) and STATA V. We adjusted for age using cubic splines. 22 23 To further explore the association of age with the outcome, age was categorised as <1 year, 1-4 years, 5-11 years and ≥12 years in separate analyses.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for severe PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children

Schober

Caya

Barton

et al. 2022

bmjpo

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ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for severe disease in children hospitalised for SARS-CoV-2 infection.DesignMulticentre retrospective cohort study.Setting18 hospitals in Canada, Iran and Costa Rica from 1 February 2020 to 31 May 2021.PatientsChildren<18 years of age hospitalised for symptomatic PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, including PCR-positive multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).Main outcome measureSeverity on the WHO COVID-19 Clinical Progression Scale was used for ordinal logistic regression analyses.ResultsWe identified 403 hospitalisations. Median age was 3.78 years (IQR 0.53–10.77). At least one comorbidity was present in 46.4% (187/403) and multiple comorbidities in 18.6% (75/403). Eighty-one children (20.1%) met WHO criteria for PCR-positive MIS-C. Progression to WHO clinical scale score ≥6 occurred in 25.3% (102/403). In multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, chest imaging findings, laboratory-confirmed bacterial and/or viral coinfection, and MIS-C diagnosis, presence of a single (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.90, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.20) or multiple chronic comorbidities (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.79), obesity (aOR 3.42, 95% CI 1.76 to 6.66) and chromosomal disorders (aOR 4.47, 95% CI 1.25 to 16.01) were independent risk factors for severity. Age was not an independent risk factor, but different age-specific comorbidities were associated with more severe disease in age-stratified adjusted analyses: cardiac (aOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.11 to 7.56) and non-asthma pulmonary disorders (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.26 to 7.49) in children<12 years old and obesity (aOR 3.69, 1.45–9.40) in adolescents≥12 years old. Among infants<1 year old, neurological (aOR 10.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 113.35) and cardiac disorders (aOR 10.13, 95% CI 1.69 to 60.54) were independent predictors of severe disease.ConclusionWe identified risk factors for disease severity among children hospitalised for PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comorbidities predisposing children to more severe disease may vary by age. These findings can potentially guide vaccination programmes and treatment approaches in children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for severe PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children

Schober

Caya

Barton

et al. 2022

bmjpo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… 42 Hence, it is possible that older individuals and those with chronic diseases prefer to be vaccinated against influenza and COVID‐19 too. 43 It is also important to acknowledge the early availability of COVID‐19 vaccines to older and immunocompromised individuals which can impact the vaccination uptake among the different aged populations. However, other studies found that younger individuals are more likely to accept the COVID‐19 vaccine compared to older individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake among healthcare professionals and the general population in Cyprus: A web‐based cross‐sectional survey

Giannakou

Fakonti

Kyprianidou

2022

Evaluation Clinical Practice

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Objective This study aims to examine the factors influencing COVID‐19 vaccine uptake among healthcare professionals (HCPs) and the general population in Cyprus. Methods A web‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted (November 2021–January 2022), using a self‐administered, anonymous questionnaire to collect information covering a wide range of potential determinants including sociodemographic and health‐related characteristics, trust in the healthcare system, satisfaction with it, utilization of preventive healthcare services, COVID‐19 vaccination information and general vaccination knowledge. Results A total of 2582 participants completed the survey. Overall, 53.5% of participants representing the general population, and 70.0% of the HCPs received the COVID‐19 vaccination. We found that as the age increases by 1 year among the general population, the odds of being vaccinated against COVID‐19 increase by 1.02 units (95% 1.00, 1.03, p = 0.035). In addition, participants among the general population with increased trust in national healthcare authorities' guidelines (OR = 3.96, 95% CI: 3.41, 4.61), and increased vaccination knowledge scores (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.18) were significantly more likely to be vaccinated, while those who had underage children living in the household were significantly less likely to be vaccinated against COVID‐19 (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.91). Furthermore, male HCPs (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.59), and those who reported increased trust in national healthcare authorities' guidelines (OR = 5.38, 95% CI: 3.65, 7.95) were significantly more likely to be vaccinated. Conclusion Public health policymakers can use national campaigns and long‐term planning to build public trust in national healthcare authorities and raise awareness about the benefits of vaccination. Such strategies could pave the way for adequate vaccine uptake and prepare the public for unfavourable scenarios, such as future pandemics.

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“…Twice a year, the World Health Organization (WHO) makes recommendations on the composition of the influenza vaccine, currently including three or four influenza strains (A/H1N1, A/ H3N2, and one or two influenza B strains) that are predicted to circulate in the upcoming seasons (trivalent or quadrivalent IIVs, TIV or QIV). Several countries recommend QIV for pregnant women and young children due to the high burden of influenza B illness and the potential of mismatch between the circulating influenza B viruses and the vaccine strains in TIV (27,28). Pregnant women require one annual IIV dose, while children 6 months to 8 years old require two doses as a prime-boost regime to ensure adequate seroprotection against influenza (29,30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Pregnant Women and Children Under 5 Years: An Evidence-Based Clinical Review

2021

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Annual influenza vaccination is often recommended for pregnant women and young children to reduce the risk of severe influenza. However, most studies investigating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy or effectiveness of influenza vaccines are conducted in healthy adults. In this evidence-based clinical review, we provide an update on the safety profile, immunogenicity, and efficacy/effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) in healthy pregnant women and children <5 years old. Six electronic databases were searched until May 27, 2021. We identified 3,731 articles, of which 93 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The IIVs were generally well tolerated in pregnant women and young children, with low frequencies of adverse events following IIV administration; however, continuous vaccine safety monitoring systems are necessary to detect rare adverse events. IIVs generated good antibody responses, and the seroprotection rates after IIVs were moderate to high in pregnant women (range = 65%–96%) and young children (range = 50%–100%), varying between the different influenza types/subtypes and seasons. Studies show vaccine efficacy/effectiveness values of 50%–70% in pregnant women and 20%–90% in young children against lab-confirmed influenza, although the efficacy/effectiveness depended on the study design, host factors, vaccine type, manufacturing practices, and the antigenic match/mismatch between the influenza vaccine strains and the circulating strains. Current evidence suggests that the benefits of IIVs far outweigh the potential risks and that IIVs should be recommended for pregnant women and young children.

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Summary of the NACI Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Statement for 2020–2021

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Risk factors for severe PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children

Risk factors for severe PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children

Determinants of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake among healthcare professionals and the general population in Cyprus: A web‐based cross‐sectional survey

Safety, Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Pregnant Women and Children Under 5 Years: An Evidence-Based Clinical Review

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