Summary of the stratigraphy and structural elements related to plate convergence of the Quetta-Muslim Bagh-Sibi region, Balochistan, west-central Pakistan

Maldonado, Florian; Mengal, J.M.; Khan, Sanan H.; Warwick, Peter D.

doi:10.3133/ofr20111224

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The geology of the Balochistan region is highly complex due to the convergence of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates (Maldonado et al ). Groundwater occurs in a range of geomorphic strata (Khan et al ; Ghoraba and Khan ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Governance in a Water‐Starved Country: Public Policy, Farmers' Perceptions, and Drivers of Tubewell Adoption in Balochistan, Pakistan

Khair

Mushtaq²,

Reardon‐Smith

2014

Groundwater

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Pakistan faces the challenge of developing sustainable groundwater policies with the main focus on groundwater management rather than groundwater development and with appropriate governance arrangement to ensure benefits continue into the future. This article investigates groundwater policy, farmers' perceptions, and drivers of tubewell (groundwater bore) adoption and proposes possible pathways for improved groundwater management for Balochistan, Pakistan. Historical groundwater policies were mainly aimed at increasing agricultural production and reducing poverty, without consideration of adverse impact on groundwater availability. These groundwater policies and governance arrangements have resulted in a massive decline in groundwater tables. Tubewell owners' rankings of the drivers of groundwater decline suggest that rapid and widespread installation of tubewells, together with uncontrolled extraction due to lack of property rights, electricity subsidy policies, and ineffective governance, are key causes of groundwater decline in Balochistan. An empirical "tubewell adoption" model confirmed that the electricity subsidy significantly influenced tubewell adoption decisions. The article proposes a more rational electricity subsidy policy for sustaining groundwater levels in the short-run. However, in the long run a more comprehensive sustainable groundwater management policy, with strong institutional support and involvement of all stakeholders, is needed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Governance in a Water‐Starved Country: Public Policy, Farmers' Perceptions, and Drivers of Tubewell Adoption in Balochistan, Pakistan

Khair

Mushtaq²,

Reardon‐Smith

2014

Groundwater

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“…At the surface, both of these faults do not merge with the Ghazaband Fault, which is the splay of the Chaman Fault; however, their subsurface connectivity can be interpreted with better seismic data. The surface stratigraphy comprises molasses deposits of the Siwalik Group, a mechanically weak unit of Ghazij shales, and a component limestone unit of the Kirthar and Dunghan Formation (Figure 4) [26,31]. The drainage pattern shows prominent deflection across the nose of the fold, with some streams flowing parallel to the faults.…”

Section: Geotectonic Setting Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Szeliga et al [13] and Huang et al [18] suggest that the 2008 earthquake sequence reached the Karahi and Harnai faults, in addition to clockwise rotation in the area between these faults. In contrast, Quittmeyer and Kafka (1984) [25], Maldonado et al [26], Reynolds et al [12], and Jadoon et al [27] have shown that these faults have a simple right-lateral movement with counterclockwise rotation forming an en-echelon structure in the area between Karahi and Harnai faults. To assess which of the above models best explains the understudy faults structural geometry, we measured surface deformation from InSAR Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique and interpreted subsurface structures from 2D seismic and well datasets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Neotectonics of the Western Suleiman Fold Belt, Pakistan: Evidence for Bookshelf Faulting

et al. 2021

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The Suleiman Fold-Thrust Belt represents an active deformational front at the western margin of the Indian plate and has been a locus of major earthquakes. This study focuses on the western part of the Suleiman Fold-Thrust Belt that comprises two parallel NW–SE oriented faults: Harnai Fault and Karahi Fault. These faults have known thrust components; however, there remains uncertainty about the lateral component of motion. This work presents the new observation of surface deformation using the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS), Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique on Sentinel-1A datasets to decompose displacement into the vertical and horizontal components employing ascending and descending track geometries. The subsurface structural geometry of this area was assessed using 2D seismic and well data. In addition, geomorphic indices were calculated to assess the relative tectonic activity of the area. InSAR results show that the Karahi Fault has a ~15 mm right-lateral movement for descending and ~10 mm/for ascending path geometries. The Harnai Fault does not show any lateral movement. Seismic data are in agreement with the InSAR results suggesting that the Harnai Fault is a blind thrust. This work indicates that the block between these two faults displays a clockwise rotation that creates the “bookshelf model”.

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“…The Flysch zone is comprised of the Nisai and Khojak and Multana Formations which are Late Palaeocene to Pleistocene fault-bounded sedimentary successions (Maldonado et al, 2011;Kasi et al, 2012). The western fault marks the boundary between the Flysch zone and Afghan block of the Eurasian plate whereas the eastern fault boundary of the Flych zone separates it from the Indian plate (Kasi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrogenesis and tectonomagmatic significance of Eocene mafic intrusions from the Neotethyan suture zone in the Muslim Bagh–Khanozai region, Pakistan

Kerr

Lavis

Kakar

et al. 2015

JGS

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New geochemical data for mafic intrusions within the Eocene Nisai Formation along the suture zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates are used to constrain their petrogenesis and assess the local tectonics and mantle dynamics. Petrological and geochemical data indicates that these alkalic intrusions have moderately enriched incompatible trace element compositions similar to ocean island basalt (OIB) magmatism. Modelling suggests these intrusions are the result of 1-5% melting of a deep, enriched, predominantly garnet-lherzolite, with a small amount of subduction-derived fluids. These melts then underwent fractional crystallisation at lithospheric depths of ~30 km.

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Summary of the stratigraphy and structural elements related to plate convergence of the Quetta-Muslim Bagh-Sibi region, Balochistan, west-central Pakistan

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Groundwater Governance in a Water‐Starved Country: Public Policy, Farmers' Perceptions, and Drivers of Tubewell Adoption in Balochistan, Pakistan

Groundwater Governance in a Water‐Starved Country: Public Policy, Farmers' Perceptions, and Drivers of Tubewell Adoption in Balochistan, Pakistan

Neotectonics of the Western Suleiman Fold Belt, Pakistan: Evidence for Bookshelf Faulting

Petrogenesis and tectonomagmatic significance of Eocene mafic intrusions from the Neotethyan suture zone in the Muslim Bagh–Khanozai region, Pakistan

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