Summer 2009 wildfires in Portugal: Emission of trace gases and aerosol composition

Alves, Célia; Vicente, Ana; Nunes, Teresa; Gonçalves, Cátia; Fernandes, Ana Patrícia; Mirante, Fátima; Campa, Ana M. Sánchez de la; Querol, Xavier; Caseiro, Alexandre; Monteiro, Cristina; Evtyugina, Margarita; Pio, Casimiro

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.031

Cited by 92 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…All of these elements, to different degrees, have been associated with different types of biomass burning in this (Jeong et al, 2011;Kindzierski and Bari, 2015; and other regions (Van Loo and Koppejan, 2008;Vassura et al, 2014;Alves et al, 2011). Furthermore, this combination of elements associated with different types of biomass combustion was consistent with a forest fire (Landis et al, 2012) in which all types of plants are burned.…”

Section: Biomass Burningmentioning

confidence: 56%

Sources of particulate matter components in the Athabasca oil sands region: investigation through a comparison of trace element measurement methodologies

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The province of Alberta, Canada, is home to three oil sands regions which, combined, contain the third largest deposit of oil in the world. Of these, the Athabasca oil sands region is the largest. As part of Environment and Climate Change Canada's program in support of the Joint CanadaAlberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring program, concentrations of trace elements in PM 2.5 (particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter) were measured through two campaigns that involved different methodologies: a long-term filter campaign and a short-term intensive campaign. In the long-term campaign, 24 h filter samples were collected once every 6 days over a 2-year period (December 2010-November 2012) at three air monitoring stations in the regional municipality of Wood Buffalo. For the intensive campaign (August 2013), hourly measurements were made with an online instrument at one air monitoring station; daily filter samples were also collected. The hourly and 24 h filter data were analyzed individually using positive matrix factorization. Seven emission sources of PM 2.5 trace elements were thereby identified: two types of upgrader emissions, soil, haul road dust, biomass burning, and two sources of mixed origin. The upgrader emissions, soil, and haul road dust sources were identified through both the methodologies and both methodologies identified a mixed source, but these exhibited more differences than similarities. The second upgrader emissions and biomass burning sources were only resolved by the hourly and filter methodologies, respectively. The similarity of the receptor modeling results from the two methodologies provided reassurance as to the identity of the sources. Overall, much of the PM 2.5 -related trace elements were found to be anthropogenic, or at least to be aerosolized through anthropogenic activities. These emissions may in part explain the previously reported higher levels of trace elements in snow, water, and biota samples collected near the oil sands operations.

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Section: Biomass Burningmentioning

confidence: 56%

Sources of particulate matter components in the Athabasca oil sands region: investigation through a comparison of trace element measurement methodologies

et al. 2017

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“…Correspondence between the (Alves et al, 2010). Alves et al (2011) report emission factors for typical wildfires in Portugal, which occured during the summer of 2009 and mainly affected forests. These values are, on the contrary, significantly larger than those used in this study.…”

Section: Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

APIFLAME v1.0: high-resolution fire emission model and application to the Euro-Mediterranean region

et al. 2014

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Abstract. This paper describes a new model for the calculation of daily, high-resolution (up to 1 km) fire emissions, developed in the framework of the APIFLAME (Analysis and Prediction of the Impact of Fires on Air quality ModEling) project. The methodology relies on the classical approach, multiplying the burned area by the fuel load consumed and the emission factors specific to the vegetation burned. Emissions can be calculated on any user-specified domain, horizontal grid, and list of trace gases and aerosols, providing input information on the burned area (location, extent), and emission factors of the targeted species are available. The applicability to high spatial resolutions and the flexibility to different input data (including vegetation classifications) and domains are the main strength of the proposed algorithm. The modification of the default values and databases proposed does not require any change in the core of the model.The code may be used for the calculation of global or regional inventories. However, it has been developed and tested more specifically for Europe and the Mediterranean area. A regional analysis of fire activity and the resulting emissions in this region is provided. The burning season extends from June to October in most regions, with generally small but frequent fires in eastern Europe, western Russia, Ukraine and Turkey, and large events in the Mediterranean area. The resulting emissions represent a significant fraction of the total yearly emissions (on average amounting to ∼ 30 % of anthropogenic emissions for PM 2.5 , ∼ 20 % for CO). The uncertainty regarding the daily carbon emissions is estimated at ∼ 100 % based on an ensemble analysis. Considering the large uncertainties regarding emission factors, the potential error on the emissions for the various pollutants is even larger. Comparisons with other widely used emission inventories show good correlations but discrepancies of a factor of 2-4 in the amplitude of the emissions, our results being generally on the higher end.

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“…Most of the approaches focus on the determination of chemical biomass burning tracers in PM samples such as water soluble potassium, anhydrosugars like levoglucosan or mannosan, and/or organic carbon (Khalil and Rasmussen, 2003;Alves et al, 2011;Zotter et al, 2016). Other approaches take advantage of the spectral dependence of the absorption coefficient of carbonaceous particles from different sources (Sandradewi et al, 2008;Cazorla et al, 2013;Ealo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability of carbonaceous aerosols: Assessing the impact of biomass burning in the urban environment

Titos

Águila

Cazorla

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

141

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Biomass burning (BB) is a significant source of atmospheric particles in many parts of the world. Whereas many studies have demonstrated the importance of BB emissions in central and northern Europe, especially in rural areas, its impact in urban air quality of southern European countries has been sparsely investigated. In this study, highly time resolved multi-wavelength absorption coefficients together with levoglucosan (BB tracer) mass concentrations were combined to apportion carbonaceous aerosol sources. TheAethalometer model takes advantage of the different spectral behaviour of BB and fossil fuel (FF) combustion aerosols. The model was found to be more sensitive to the assumed value of the aerosol Ångström exponent (AAE) for FF (AAEff) than to the AAE for BB (AAEbb). As result of various sensitivity tests the model was optimized with AAEff = 1.1 and AAEbb = 2. The Aethalometer model and levoglucosan tracer estimates were in good agreement. The Aethalometer model was further applied to data from three sites in Granada urban area to evaluate the spatial variation of CMff and CMbb (carbonaceous matter from FF or BB origin, respectively) concentrations within the city. The results showed that CMbb was lower in the city centre while it has an unexpected profound impact on the CM levels measured in the suburbs (about 40%). Analysis of BB tracers with respect to wind speed suggested that BB was dominated by sources outside the city, to the west in a rural area. Distinguishing whether it corresponds to agricultural waste burning or with biomass burning for domestic heating was not possible. This study also shows that although traffic restrictions measures contribute to reduce carbonaceous concentrations, the extent of the reduction is very local. Other sources such as BB, which can contribute to CM as much as traffic emissions, should be targeted to reduce air pollution.

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Summer 2009 wildfires in Portugal: Emission of trace gases and aerosol composition

Cited by 92 publications

References 42 publications

Sources of particulate matter components in the Athabasca oil sands region: investigation through a comparison of trace element measurement methodologies

Sources of particulate matter components in the Athabasca oil sands region: investigation through a comparison of trace element measurement methodologies

APIFLAME v1.0: high-resolution fire emission model and application to the Euro-Mediterranean region

Spatial and temporal variability of carbonaceous aerosols: Assessing the impact of biomass burning in the urban environment

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