Summer phytoplankton blooms and red tides along tidal fronts in the approaches to the English Channel

Pingree, R. D.; Pugh, Philip; Holligan, Patrick M.; Forster, G. R.

doi:10.1038/258672a0

Cited by 312 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The Iroise Sea, off West Brittany (France), in the eastern North Atlantic, shows a well-developed tidal and seasonal frontal system, the northern part of which is termed the Ushant front, its physical, chemical and biological properties having been well described (Pingree et al 1975(Pingree et al , 1977. This area was selected as communities of dinoflagellates, including K. mikimotoi, recur frequently in the pycnocline layers on the stratified side of this tidal front (Holligan & Harbour 1977).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motility and autotoxicity inKarenia mikimotoi(Dinophyceae)

Gentien

Lunven

Lazure

et al. 2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Karenia mikimotoi is one of the most common red-tide dinoflagellates proliferating in the eastern North Atlantic and around Japan. Kills of marine fauna are associated with its blooms. In mixed water columns it migrates vertically, while in stratified water columns, the population remains confined within pycnocline layers. Wind events, increasing mixing and agitation initiate declines in its populations. This paper is focused on the formulation of mortality rate relative to shear rate. Autotoxicity is demonstrated by the use of a synthetic toxin. Bioconvection observed in cultures allows the establishment of a trade-off between phototropism, which leads to the local accumulation of cells, and their autotoxicity, which would prevent cell concentration. The combination of these processes allows diffusion of the toxin into the underlying water, where it subsequently degrades. Confinement of the population in the pycnocline layer results also from another trade-off between growth conditions and shear-rate-modulated mortality. A simplified encounter kernel was introduced into the population dynamics equation to account for a mortality factor. Under realistic forcing conditions with a small number of parameters, this model reproduced the confinement of the population in the pycnocline layer, the proper timing and the duration of the recurrent K. mikimotoi bloom on the Ushant front (France).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motility and autotoxicity inKarenia mikimotoi(Dinophyceae)

Gentien

Lunven

Lazure

et al. 2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Gyrodinium cf. aureolum s'est aussi avéré très abondant à diffé-rentes occasions, plus au large, au voisinage des fronts thermiques qui s'établissent à la fin du printemps en Mer Celtique et en Manche Occidentale (Pingree et al 1975;Pingree et al 1977;Holligan, 1979). Selon Parker et al (1982), Gyrodinium cf.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Conditions de formation d'eaux colorées toxiques sur le plateau continental Manche - Atlantique; Cas de Gyrodinium cf. aureolum

et al. 1992

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“…Shallow sea fronts, areas of high primary productivity (Pingree et al 1975, Parsons et al 1981, Holligan et al 1984, are located at the boundary between mixed and stratified water. These regions are characterized by having high phytoplankton biomass in surface water with measurable concentrations of dissolved nitrate, and a shallow pycnocline which extends to the surface at the frontal boundary (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen by phytoplankton in the Strait of Georgia: comparison of frontal and stratified communities

Price¹,

Cochlan²,

Harrison³

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In both frontal and stratified water of the Strait of Georgia, changes in dissolved nitrogen concentrations provided evidence for the simultaneous uptake of ammonium, nitrate and urea by a summer phytoplankton community. Chlorophyll a specific uptake rates of ammonium and urea were ca 2 and 2.4 times greater in stratified water than in frontal water, whereas chlorophyll a specific nitrate uptake rates were ca 1.6 times greater in frontal water. Ammonium and urea regeneration rates, calculated using a mass balance approach, were similar in frontal water, but urea regeneration rates were 2 to 5 times greater in the stratified water during the first 12 h of the experiment. Increases in particulate nitrogen could not be accounted for by corresponding decreases in total concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and urea, or by 15N accumulation in the particulates. In frontal water the change in total dissolved inorganic nitrogen and urea consistently overestimated the change in particulate nitrogen, and in stratified water the change in total dissolved inorganic nitrogen and urea consistently underestimated the change in particulate nitrogen. These data suggest that the plankton community In frontal water was losing nitrogen in the form of dissolved organic nitrogen. By contrast, the plankton community in stratified water took up nitrogen compounds which were not measured as part of the total dissolved inorganic and urea nitrogen, but were most likely dissolved organic nitrogen compounds. Results stress the importance of determining uptake rates of all 3 nitrogen substrates (NHfi, N O and urea) using 15N isotopes and by simultaneously measuring the change in concentration of these compounds throughout the incubation period.

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Summer phytoplankton blooms and red tides along tidal fronts in the approaches to the English Channel

Cited by 312 publications

References 24 publications

Motility and autotoxicity inKarenia mikimotoi(Dinophyceae)

Motility and autotoxicity inKarenia mikimotoi(Dinophyceae)

Conditions de formation d'eaux colorées toxiques sur le plateau continental Manche - Atlantique; Cas de Gyrodinium cf. aureolum

Time course of uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen by phytoplankton in the Strait of Georgia: comparison of frontal and stratified communities

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