SUMO‐modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promoted the repair of articular cartilage in rats

Abstract

Articular cartilage damage can lead to joint deformity, pain, and severe dysfunction. However, due to the lack of blood vessels and nerves in articular cartilage, the self‐healing capacity of damaged cartilage is limited. In this study, we overexpressed small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO)1, SUMO2/3, and SUMO1/2/3 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Then, these cells were inoculated on surfaces of different hardness, and their differentiation into chondrocytes, hypoxic tolerance ability, and inflammatory response was detected. Finally, BMSCs were transplanted into the injured knee joint cavity of the rats, and the repair was evaluated. We found that BMSCs overexpressing SUMO1 were more likely to differentiate into articular cartilage along with the hardness of the surface, while BMSCs overexpressing SUMO2/3 could reduce inflammation response and improve the damaged cartilage microenvironment. In the rat model, BMSCs overexpressing SUMO1/2/3 transplanted on injured articular cartilage surface showed better survival, less inflammatory response, and improved tissue repair capability. In conclusion, BMSCs overexpressing SUMO are more tolerant to hypoxia conditions, and have stronger repair ability for damaged chondrocytes in vitro and for articular cartilage injury model in rats, and are excellent seed cells for repairing articular cartilage.

Icariin accelerates cartilage defect repair by promoting chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs under conditions of oxygen‐glucose deprivation

“… 3 Articular cartilage is particularly susceptible to damage because it lacks neurons and blood vessels, making it difficult to repair itself once damage occurs. 4 , 5 Microfracture and chondrocyte transplantation are often used clinically to repair damaged cartilage tissue 6 ; however, the long‐term satisfaction with the curative effect of this procedure is low, and large amounts of fibrocartilage components appear in the newly formed cartilage tissue after the operation, which affects the flexibility of the joints after microfracture. 6 Matrix‐induced autologous chondrocyte implantation is a reliable method for treating a cartilaginous defect; however, the financial cost of the procedure is high.…”

SUMOylation of GMFB regulates the stability and function of GMFB in RPE cells under oxidative stress and inflammation

“…The SUMOylation also has been considered to play a role in inflammatory processes. Previous research showed that BMSCs overexpressing SUMO are more tolerant to hypoxia conditions, and have stronger repair ability for damaged chondrocytes in vitro and for articular cartilage injury model in rats, and are excellent seed cells for repairing articular cartilage (37).…”

The mechanism of Danzikang Knee Granule in regulating the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells based on TGF-β signaling pathway in cartilage repair in knee osteoarthritis

“…BMSCs are pluripotent stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential, which can participate in the regulation of immunity, self-replication and other functions (15,16). A large number of studies have confirmed that BMSCs can differentiate into chondrocytes in vivo and rely on inducers for chondrocyte differentiation in vitro (17)(18)(19). Danzikang knee granule is experienced for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, the liver and kidney deficiency type of knee osteoarthritis with obvious therapeutic effect, side of dried human placenta essence of lean and raising blood yiqi, salvia miltiorrhiza promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, effectively for medicine, achyranthes kidney, rehmannia glutinosa lean body, mulberry parasitism kidney, (three fungicides have liver and kidney Yin and Yang double repair work.…”