Sun exposure and number of nevi in 5- to 6-year-old European children

Dulon, Madeleine; Weichenthal, Michael; Blettner, Maria; Breitbart, Marianne; Hetzer, Melanie; Greinert, Rüdiger; Baumgardt-Elms, Cornelia; Breitbart, E. W.

doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00484-5

Cited by 117 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We found that holidays at seaside resorts before 2 years of age were associated with higher nevi count, similar to the findings from Germany (17,21), which supports the view that early sun exposure in childhood is of special importance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Common Melanocytic Nevi in 7-Year-Old Schoolchildren Residing at Different Latitudes in Sweden

Rodvall¹,

Wahlgren²,

Ullén³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Current epidemiologic research shows consistently that increased number of acquired common melanocytic nevi (CMN) is an important risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the number of CMN in relation to tanning habits and complexion among 7-year-old children residing at different latitudes in Sweden. Methods: Two municipalities were chosen at latitude 65°N to 68°N in the north of Sweden and two at latitude 57°N in the south. Children born in 1994 and registered in the municipalities were to be included (N = 1,676). A questionnaire was sent to their parents asking about the child's tanning habits. A body examination of CMN of size z2 mm was done by the same trained nurse in 1,380 (82.3%) of the children. Results: CMN was significantly less prevalent among children living in the north with a prevalence of 5.6

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Common Melanocytic Nevi in 7-Year-Old Schoolchildren Residing at Different Latitudes in Sweden

Rodvall¹,

Wahlgren²,

Ullén³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…17 In contrast in regions with less intense solar radiation like Europe and Canada, number and distribution of MN in children was found to be related to exposure to high ultraviolet light doses in holidays. 13,15,21,31,39 In our current study, the incidence of MN was significantly associated with duration of sun exposure at home with mild to moderate levels of ultraviolet radiation as well as with high levels of sun exposure during holidays in sunny climates.…”

Section: Table I -Basic Description Of 1232 German Children and Resusupporting

confidence: 47%

“…The role of sunburns as risk factors for MN has been discussed controversially in literature. Sunburns were found to be associated significantly with the number of MN in children, 10,12,13,17,29,31,39,50 yet some studies could not demonstrate such an association. 19,28 In contrast to an earlier cross-sectional analysis, 19 the present longitudinal multivariate analysis identified history and the extent and severity of sunburns as significant risk factors for the development of new MN.…”

Section: Table I -Basic Description Of 1232 German Children and Resumentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of incident melanocytic nevi: A longitudinal study in a cohort of 1,232 young German children

Bauer

Büttner

Wiecker

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The number of melanocytic nevi is the most important independent risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. Aim of our study was to add information to the controversial discussion on the role of chronic-moderate and intermittent-high sun exposure and sunburns for the development of melanocytic nevi by the use of a large longitudinal study. A longitudinal study with a 3-year follow-up was conducted in 1,232 young children 2-7 years of age attending 78 public nursery schools in Bochum and Stuttgart, Germany. Total body nevus counts, assessment of pigmentary features and nevus counts on arms of parents were carried out. Parents underwent a standardized interview concerning sun exposure, sunburns and sun-protective behavior. Applying multiple linear regression analysis higher numbers of incident nevi were associated with host factors like light skin complexion (skin Type II vs. IV, p ‫؍‬ 0.022) and freckling of the face (p < 0.001), with parental factors like nevus counts on mothers' (p < 0.001) and fathers' (p ‫؍‬ 0.004) arms and at least one parent being of German descent (p ‫؍‬ 0.006), and with environmental factors like intermittent-high sun exposure during holidays (p < 0.001) and chronic-moderate ultraviolet radiation at home (p ‫؍‬ 0.007). Sunburns were a significant risk factor for nevus development (p ‫؍‬ 0.005). Total cumulative sun exposure seems to be the crucial environmental risk factor for the development of nevi, whether the child is exposed to chronicmoderate or intermittent-high ultraviolet light doses. Public health education should focus primarily on avoiding sun exposure especially in children with fair skin and parents with high nevus counts. The total number of melanocytic nevi (MN) on the body is known to be the strongest intrinsic risk factor for the development of cutaneous melanoma (CM). 1-5 Moreover, MN were considered to be precursor lesions of a substantial proportion of CM. 6,7 Case control studies on risk factors for CM in adults are influenced by recall bias. 8 Childhood is a period of particular susceptibility to the carcinogenic effects of solar radiation. 9 Thus, studies on MN in children might give new insights into the pathogenesis of CM.To date, numerous cross-sectional studies have been published identifying risk factors for MN development in children. 10 -19 Studies yielded partly contradicting results to important points like the amount and intensity of sun exposure needed for MN development and the role of sunburns. Few longitudinal studies exist that investigated risk factors for incident MN. 20 -24 Such studies might give a better control of the influence of environmental factors and confounders. Our present study longitudinally investigated risk factors for the development of MN in a cohort of 1,232 German kindergarten children, 2-7 years of age, followed-up over a 3-year period. Material and methods ParticipantsOur analysis utilized data of children who participated in a randomized controlled trial set up to investigate whether educational intervention and the provision of ...

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“…There is evidence that incidences of sunburn increase the risk of developing malignant melanoma especially sunburn in childhood (2). Skin carcinoma including melanoma and non-melanoma cancers are the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the USA with an incidence rate for melanoma has increased over the last 25 years and is increasing faster than most other cancers (3,4). Sun-exposure has long been introduced as a major environmental risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma (5).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sun Protection for Children: A Review

Pour¹,

Saeedi²,

Morteza‐Semnani³

et al. 2015

J Pediatr Rev

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Chronic ultraviolet exposure results in premature skin aging (photoaging), dyspigmentation, sallow color, textural changes, loss of elasticity, and premalignant actinic keratoses. UVB radiation is mainly responsible for acute damages such as sunburn, and long-term damage including melanoma. Today the sun's ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induced skin cancer is a major issue worldwide. History of sun exposure and sunburns are the most important behavioral risks. Childhood sun exposure is considered as a substantial risk because a child's skin has a thinner stratum corneum, lower levels of protective melanin, and a higher surface area to body-mass-ratio. Thus, protection against UVR in childhood is essential. Research has shown that people who have had a sunburn in childhood or were in the sun unprotected are more likely to have skin cancer. In this article, we review the literature to address the protection of children against sun and skin cancer.

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Sun exposure and number of nevi in 5- to 6-year-old European children

Cited by 117 publications

References 37 publications

Common Melanocytic Nevi in 7-Year-Old Schoolchildren Residing at Different Latitudes in Sweden

Common Melanocytic Nevi in 7-Year-Old Schoolchildren Residing at Different Latitudes in Sweden

Risk factors of incident melanocytic nevi: A longitudinal study in a cohort of 1,232 young German children

Sun Protection for Children: A Review

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