Sun Protection and Skin Examination Practices in a Setting of High Ambient Solar Radiation

Olsen, Catherine M.; Thompson, Bridie S.; Green, Adèle C.; Neale, Rachel E.; Whiteman, David C.

doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.0739

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the present authors, as well as many evolutionary biologists have concerns about the skin cancer (genotoxic) hypothesis, primarily because the peak incidence of the most common, potentially lethal skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, occurs above the age of 70 (Franceschi, Levi, Randimbison, & La Vecchia, ; Ridky, ), well past both the reproductive years (Blum, ; Goding, ; Robins, ) and life expectancy of ancestral hominins (Kennedy, ; Sievert, ; Trinkaus, ). Pertinently, fair‐skinned humans residing near the Equator in Queensland, Australia exhibit much earlier onsets of skin cancer (Olsen, Thompson, Green, Neale, & Whiteman, ), without evidence of a reduction in reproductive success. While the deadliest of skin cancers, melanoma, can occur during childhood and reproductive years, its overall incidence (<2% of all skin cancers) (Jemal, Devesa, Hartge, & Tucker, ; Le et al, ) is likely too uncommon to have exerted an evolutionary influence.…”

Section: Evolution Of Pigmentation In Ancestral Humans—an Updatementioning

confidence: 99%

Basis for the gain and subsequent dilution of epidermal pigmentation during human evolution: The barrier and metabolic conservation hypotheses revisited

Elias

Williams

2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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The evolution of human skin pigmentation must address both the initial evolution of intense epidermal pigmentation in hominins, and its subsequent dilution in modern humans. While many authorities believe that epidermal pigmentation evolved to protect against either ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation-induced mutagenesis or folic acid photolysis, we hypothesize that pigmentation where little UV-B breaches the atmosphere (i.e., present-day UK, Scandinavia, Baltic States), pigment dilution alone could not suffice. There, other nonpigment-related mutations evolved to facilitate VD3 production; for example, in the epidermal protein, filaggrin, resulting in reduced levels of its distal metabolite, trans-urocanic acid, a potent UV-B chromophore. Thus, changes in human pigmentation reflect a complex interplay between latitude, climate, diet, lifestyle, and shifting metabolic priorities.

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Section: Evolution Of Pigmentation In Ancestral Humans—an Updatementioning

confidence: 99%

Basis for the gain and subsequent dilution of epidermal pigmentation during human evolution: The barrier and metabolic conservation hypotheses revisited

Elias

Williams

2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Moreover, unlike other pediatric analyses (Whiteman et al, 2005), a higher frequency of daily application of sunscreen was associated with a higher nevus count. As suggested by other studies (Green et al, 2011;Olsen et al, 2015aOlsen et al, , 2015b, the use of high-SPF (>30) sunscreens exclusively, when compared with the use of sunscreens with SPF 30, adequately protected skin during sun exposure and significantly reduced nevus burden.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Although sunburn early in life increases the lifetime risk of developing melanoma, there is less conclusive evidence regarding the protective role of sun-protection practices and sunscreen use (Autier et al, 2007;Crane et al, 2009;Gorham et al, 2007;Green et al, 2011;Huncharek and Kupelnick, 2002;Køster et al, 2010;Olsen et al, 2015aOlsen et al, , 2015bRadespiel-Tr} oger et al, 2009;Rodvall et al, 2010;United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2011;Wolf et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sun-Protection Behavior, Pubertal Development and Menarche: Factors Influencing the Melanocytic Nevi Development—The Results of an Observational Study of 1,512 Children

Giorgi

Gori²,

Greco

et al. 2018

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Observational studies consistently show that melanocytic nevus prevalence increases with age and that phenotypic traits are significantly associated with nevus count in children. An observational study of 1,512 children and adolescents from 2010 to 2013 was conducted. Study dermatologists counted the full body, arm, and facial nevi of each participant. Children and their parents were asked to complete a survey to gather data on personal characteristics, pubertal development, and early-life sun exposure. The main aim of the study was to establish pediatric nevus prevalence and its relationship with age, phenotype, sex, menarche, early-life sun exposure, and sun-protection behaviors. Females had a significantly lower nevus count compared with males, but this sex-related difference was significantly modified by menarche. Sun exposure and sun-protection habits were all significantly associated with nevus count; in particular, children who used sunscreen with a sun-protection factor > 30 had a lower nevus count compared with sun-protection factor ≤ 30 sunscreen users. This study shows that sex, menarche status, and sun-protection practices significantly influence nevus count in this pediatric population.

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“…Reported SSE rates among melanoma survivors vary based on the definition of SSE used and the timeframe of assessment (Coroiu et al, accepted). For example, a large cohort study conducted in Australia (n=1,433 confirmed melanoma cases) found that 57.4 % of participants had performed an SSE in the past 3 years (Olsen et al, 2015). A cross-sectional study found that among 316 melanoma survivors, 28% reported having ever engaged in SSE, 16% reported doing monthly SSE, and 8% reported doing SSE every 2 months (Glenn, Chen, Chang, Lin, & Bastani, 2016).…”

Section: Skin Self-examination (Sse)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short and Long-term Barriers and Facilitators of Skin Self-Examination Among Individuals Diagnosed with Melanoma

Coroiu

Moran

Bergeron

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Melanoma can be lethal if not detected early and treated. Early detection can be facilitated via skin self-examination (SSE) and as such, SSE is part of melanoma follow-up care for individuals with a prior history, who face a life-long risk of reoccurrence. The objective of the current study was to identify short- and long-term predictors of SSE among melanoma survivors to inform future prevention interventions in high-risk groups. Method This is an observational study with longitudinal assessments conducted with adult melanoma patients in active follow-up care. Primary Outcome Measures: Behavioral outcomes, comprehensive SSE (checking up to 5 body areas in the last 3 months) and optimal SSE (checking the entire body at least monthly in the last 3 months) were assessed at 3, 12, and 24 months post a dermatological educational session on skin cancer prevention. T tests and chi square analyses were used to examine changes in outcomes from 3 to 12 and 24 months. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between predictors and the primary outcomes. Results Comprehensive SSE did not decrease significantly from 3 (M=2.7, SD=1.1) to 12 (M=2.6, SD=1.2) and 24 months (M=2.4, SD=1.2) post the education session, with the stronger predictor at all timepoints being intentions to perform SSE. Optimal SSE was higher at 3 months (59%) compared to 12 (46%) and 24 months (34%), with key predictors including self-efficacy and intentions to perform SSE and male sex at 3 months post; self-efficacy and reliance on medical advice at 12 months; and (lower) education and self-efficacy at 24 months. Conclusions The key findings of this study are that 1) survivors maintain SSE behaviour over time, but rates of SSE performed in agreement with medical recommendations are higher immediately post standard dermatological education (i.e. usual care) and decrease somewhat over a 24-month period; and 2) the strongest psycho-social predictors of SSE are intentions and self-efficacy to perform the behavior, which are highly modifiable, for example via motivational interviewing and goal setting health interventions.

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Sun Protection and Skin Examination Practices in a Setting of High Ambient Solar Radiation

Abstract: In this large sample exposed to high levels of ambient solar radiation, sun protection and skin examination practices were most frequent among those with a history of treated skin lesions or sun-sensitive skin types.

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Basis for the gain and subsequent dilution of epidermal pigmentation during human evolution: The barrier and metabolic conservation hypotheses revisited

Basis for the gain and subsequent dilution of epidermal pigmentation during human evolution: The barrier and metabolic conservation hypotheses revisited

Sun-Protection Behavior, Pubertal Development and Menarche: Factors Influencing the Melanocytic Nevi Development—The Results of an Observational Study of 1,512 Children

Short and Long-term Barriers and Facilitators of Skin Self-Examination Among Individuals Diagnosed with Melanoma

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