Er 3+ -TiO 2 synthesized by a surfactant free hydrothermal method exhibits good photoactivities under sun-like excitation for the degradation of phenol. The presence of Er 3+ does not affect the structural and morphological features of the TiO 2 significantly. The best photocatalytic performance was attained for the samples with 2 wt% of Er. Different photocatalytic runs indicated that the incorporation of the Er 3+ cation would be responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity, which participates in different mechanisms under UV and NIR excitation.It is widely accepted that the photocatalytic technology based on semiconductor photoactive materials provides a feasible route to achieve two important processes for environmental control and producing energy, such as pollutant degradation and hydrogen production. 1 Nowadays, the environmental problems demand increasingly severe regulations that open up opportunities for novel green photocatalytic routes leading to the alternative materials to traditional TiO 2 . 2 In order to improve the photocatalytic process, the utilization of solar light as efficiently as possible has been largely pursued. Thus, the use of visible light photons constitutes the key point for a good photocatalyst performance under sunlight conditions. For this scope, different strategies have been traditionally followed, in all cases for the improvement of visible photon absorption. Among these, doping of TiO 2 with hybrid atoms or coupling of TiO 2 with other semiconductors with low band gaps have proved to be viable ways to allow the extension of the light absorption edge. [3][4][5] An alternative option consists of the creation of new single phase visible active catalysts which would overcome the drawbacks of doping. [6][7][8] The other challenging composite configuration, rarely in use but currently under exploration, consists of the combination of a luminescence material with a photoactive catalyst. 9,10 Within this configuration the exploitation of the radiation range not absorbed by the photocatalysts would be achieved. This approach appears to be a completely new alternative for enhancing the efficiency of the photocatalytic process by a wise handling of the arriving photons. It is clear that non-interacting photons drastically diminish the quantum yield under solar irradiation conditions. Thus, the combination of the photocatalytic system with the so-called phosphor material (formed by luminescent ions on a host matrix) which could handle and transform the incoming sunlight radiation turns out to be an interesting and not yet fully explored highway. The applications of the up-conversion process by phosphor-like systems (e.g. NIR or visible to UV) would optimize the photocatalytic performance of traditional UV active photocatalysts. 11,12 Among various up-converting nanomaterials, Er 3+ -based compounds constitute an interesting option for this purpose which could be excited by NIR or visiblelight, showing luminescence in the visible and UV regions. 13 Therefore, the assembly of TiO ...