The main causes for upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding are peptic ulcer disease such as benign gastric ulcer (BGU) or duodenal ulcer (DU). Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection was detected up to 70 % in patients with BGU and 90 % in patients with DU. Since many studies demonstrated the benefi t of H. pylori eradication in decreasing peptic ulcer recurrences, as well as in bleeding cases, it is very important to diagnose the infection accurately among those with peptic ulcer diseases. There are several tests for detection of H. pylori with variable levels of sensitivity and specifi city, and upper GI bleeding would reduce sensitivity. In case of upper GI bleeding, 13 C-UBT urea breath test is more sensitive than tests with biopsied mucosa such as rapid urease test, histological test or culture study.
Keywords
Bleeding • Helicobacter pylori • Rapid urease test • Urea breath test
IntroductionUpper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding is the most serious complications of peptic ulcer diseases, which can lead to the mortality. The well-known risk factors for peptic ulcer diseases are Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection and the administration of non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drug (NSAID). When the subjects with UGI bleeding or NSAID users were excluded, H. pylori infection was detected up to 70 % in patients with benign gastric ulcer (BGU) and 90 % in patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) [ 1 ]. Since H. pylori infection is a single predictive factor for re-bleeding in patients with DU [ 2 ] and eradication of the organism can reduce the risk of re-bleeding signifi cantly [ 3 , 4 ], international guideline has recommended the tests for diagnosis of H. pylori infection in case of upper GI bleeding with peptic ulcer disease [ 5 ].