<sup>14</sup>C Translocation pathways in honeylocust and green ash: Woody plants with complex leaf forms

Larson, Philip R.; Dickson, Richard E.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb01226.x

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The llC experiments on individual plants demonstrate that even leaves at the same node may provide different translocation patterns and, depending on the leaf position, different speeds may be observed. After spot-feeding leaves of Populus deltoides with 14C02 (Vogelmann et al, 1982), or labelling individual leaflets of compound leaves of Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Larson and Dickson, 1986), it has been shown by microautoradiography that translocation occurred in specific bundles in leaves and stems and that changes may occur with ontogenetic development of the plant. Therefore, as far as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the present studies, Fraxinus excelsior and Sorbus aucuparia were chosen to analyse possible differences in translocation of photoassimilates. Whilst the pinnate leaves and the shape of the young plants look quite similar, phyllotaxis of the vasculature is not the same (Larson and Dickson, 1986) and the sieve tubes of the two species differ markedly (Huber, 1939). Zimmermann and Ziegler (1975) reported that the main phloem translocates of Fraxinus species (Oleaceae) are stachyose and mannitol, whereas in Sorbus (Rosaceae), sorbitol and sucrose may be the translocated carbohydrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transport of Photoassimilates in Young Trees of Fraxinus and Sorbus: Measurement of Translocation in vivo

Jahnke¹,

Schlesinger²,

Feige³

et al. 1998

Botanica Acta

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Translocation of photoassimilates was studied on 2-year-old trees of Fraxinus excelsior and Sorbus aucuparia using the short-lived isotope lle. leaflets of different leaves on the same plants were radiolabelled showing that both carbon distribution and speeds of transport may vary with leaf position. Within 2 h after pulse feeding with 11CO 2 , mainly the lower leaves distributed radiolabel to the roots in Fraxinus, whereas in Sorbus, the upper leaves were also involved. By repeated pulse applications to selected leaves, temporal profiles of 11C transport were followed on individual plants from April to October. Early in the season, within 2 h after pulse labelling, 30 -40% of the fixed radiolabel was exported from leaves in Fraxinus and about 20% in Sorbus. Thereafter export started to decline, particularly in Fraxinus, and the distribution of radiolabel between stem and roots could alter depending on the position of the feed leaf. Speeds of translocation obtained along the rachis and stem showed high variability, but they did not necessarily slow down before the end of the season. The speeds monitored at the rachis of Fraxinus leaves (30-75 em h-l ) were generally lower than those found on Sorbus (50-130 em h-l ) . As reported in the literature, the two tree species translocate different carbohydrates and show remarkable differences in the ultrastructure of their vascular systems. In that context it is interesting that the temporal profiles of l1C radioactivity obtained from F. excelsior and S. aucuparia could clearly be distinguished by their characteristic shapes. The results are discussed in terms of anatomical characteristics of the conducting tissues and possible differences in phloem loading.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of Photoassimilates in Young Trees of Fraxinus and Sorbus: Measurement of Translocation in vivo

Jahnke¹,

Schlesinger²,

Feige³

et al. 1998

Botanica Acta

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“…These results demonstrate that sufficient resources do not move from non-stressed to stressed branches to compensate for the loss in photosynthetic area. Larson and Dickson 1973;Isebrands et al 1976;Larson 1977;Larson and Dickson 1986) are needed to confirm this. There are only four species in which damage to branches did not result in lowered fruit set or growth compared to control branches (Lee 1991;McCarthy & Quinn 1992;Obeso and Grubb 1993).…”

Section: Effects O F Damage Concentrated In a Single Branch Versus Comentioning

confidence: 98%

Plant architecture, sectoriality and plant tolerance to herbivores

Marquis

1996

Vegetatio

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Plant architecture, sectoriality and plant tolerance to herbivoresR o b e r t J. M a r q u i s AbstractThe evolution of tolerance is one potential plant response to selection imposed by herbivores. Plant architecture, and in turn, sectoriality may influence a plant's ability to tolerate tissue loss. However, each may either constrain or facilitate a plant's ability to compensate following herbivore attack depending on the plant part damaged and the identity of the damaging herbivore.Plants are limited in their ability to respond to localized damage by chewing insects because carbon does not flow freely from damaged to undamaged plant parts, particularly between branches. Thus, defoliation of individual branches invariably results in decreased growth and reproduction of those branches. Within branches, carbon flow via vascular connections between orthostichies may ameliorate the effects of damage restricted within an orthostichy. Local induction of secondary chemicals to spread damage by folivores throughout a plant's canopy, redistribution of resources within and between IPU's, and delaying reproductive activity until resources have been pooled may all alleviate the constraints on response of plants to grazing.In contrast to the effects of damage by grazers, the metameric construction of plants typically ensures points of regrowth from dormant buds when apical meristems are destroyed either by vertebrate browsers or galling insects. Sectoriality constrains the ability of sap-sucking insects to tap the entire resource base of a plant, thus having a positive effect on plant fitness. However, both the site and timing of attack mitigate the degree of limitation imposed by sectoriality. During peak periods of assimilation, photosynthate flow is mainly over short distances (between sources and sinks within the canopy), and thus sap-sucking insects have a small resource base to draw upon. In contrast, when sucking insects tap into vascular elements in which the flow is from roots to leaves and vice versa, resource availability to the insect (and in turn, potential resource loss from the plant) are only limited by the resources present in those vascular elements.Studies of specific traits in species which demonstrate differential tolerance would greatly add to our understanding of herbivore impacts on plant growth and reproduction. In particular, intraspecific variation in tolerance has been documented for individuals within and among populations with different grazing histories. A number of traits related to sectoriality and architecture probably contribute to such variation in tolerance, and because they are easily manipulated and easily quantified, represent potentially profitable avenues of research. These traits include distribution of leaves and buds, ability to release secondary meristems from dormancy, and the timing of resource movement both before and subsequent to damage.

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“…Second, the carbohydrates (e.g., soluble, nonstructural sugars) are perceived to be more stable in branch tips than the same components in leaves. These carbon-based compounds can vary diurnally within leaves and by leaf position on the branch (Dickson, 1986;and Larson and Dickson, 1986). Soluble sugars commonly are analyzed by two wet chemical methods (A and B), as described under "Laboratory Methods" below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOLUBLE SUGAR COMPOSITION OF POND‐CYPRESS: A POTENTIAL HYDROECOLOGICAL INDICATOR OF GROUND WATER PERTURBATIONS¹

Bacchus

Hamazaki

Britton

et al. 2000

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Pond-cypress, a deciduous conifer, is a dominant canopy species in depressional wetlands of the southeastern Coastal Plain (SCP). Extensive premature decline and death of pond-cypress trees in central Florida have been attributed to hydroperiod alterations due to excessive withdrawals of ground water from the Floridan aquifer. One factor identified in the decline process is basal decay, which may be related to the presence of Botryosphaeria rhodina and Fusarium species (nonaggressive, facultative fungal pathogens). These fungi have been cultured from sapwood tissue of declining pond-cypress associated with ground water mining, but not from pond-cypress away from ground water mimng areas. In this experiment, differences in soluble (nonstructural) carbohydrate composition of branch tips were evaluated for one-and two-year old, nursery-grown (unsheltered) pond-cypress, following a year of growth under treatment conditions (control, fungal inoculation, water stress, and fungal inoculation plus water stress) in a growth chamber. Results from two methods of wet chemical analysis were compared (trimethylsilyl methylglycoside -Method A, and alditol acetate -Method B). Three pentoses (arabinose, rhamnose, and xylose) and three hexoses (galactose, glucose, and mannose) were identified in branch tips from both age classes. A fourth hexose (fucose) also was identified in samples from the younger trees. The acidic sugar, galacturonic acid, was identified in both age classes using Method A. Results suggest that prolonged water stress is correlated with greater relative concentrations of the neutral soluble sugars rhamnose (P = 0.02), xylose (P = 0.02), and galactose (P = 0.02), in addition to the acidic sugar galacturonic acid (P = 0.01), for Method A, and arabinose (P = 0.02) for Method B. These results also suggest that in the absence of water stress, the fungal pathogen B. rhodina does not penetrate to the sapwood of the trees, and that inoculation with this fungal pathogen is not correlated with differences in relative concentrations of nonstructural, soluble carbohydrates, based on Method A analysis. Empirioccurred (Bacchus, 1994;1999; unpublished data). In 'Paper No.

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¹⁴C Translocation pathways in honeylocust and green ash: Woody plants with complex leaf forms

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Transport of Photoassimilates in Young Trees of Fraxinus and Sorbus: Measurement of Translocation in vivo

Transport of Photoassimilates in Young Trees of Fraxinus and Sorbus: Measurement of Translocation in vivo

Plant architecture, sectoriality and plant tolerance to herbivores

SOLUBLE SUGAR COMPOSITION OF POND‐CYPRESS: A POTENTIAL HYDROECOLOGICAL INDICATOR OF GROUND WATER PERTURBATIONS¹

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14C Translocation pathways in honeylocust and green ash: Woody plants with complex leaf forms

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Transport of Photoassimilates in Young Trees of Fraxinus and Sorbus: Measurement of Translocation in vivo

Transport of Photoassimilates in Young Trees of Fraxinus and Sorbus: Measurement of Translocation in vivo

Plant architecture, sectoriality and plant tolerance to herbivores

SOLUBLE SUGAR COMPOSITION OF POND‐CYPRESS: A POTENTIAL HYDROECOLOGICAL INDICATOR OF GROUND WATER PERTURBATIONS1

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¹⁴C Translocation pathways in honeylocust and green ash: Woody plants with complex leaf forms

SOLUBLE SUGAR COMPOSITION OF POND‐CYPRESS: A POTENTIAL HYDROECOLOGICAL INDICATOR OF GROUND WATER PERTURBATIONS¹