1979
DOI: 10.1126/science.206.4414.13
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Superacids

Abstract: Superacids, although first referred to as early as 1927, were only extensively studied in the last decade. Acidities up to 10(12) times that of sulfuric acid have now been obtained. The extremely low nucleophilicity of the counterions in superacidic systems is especially useful for the preparation of stable, electron-deficient cations, particularly carbocations. Many of these cations, which were formerly detectable only in the gas phase, can now be studied in solution. Novel organic syntheses that are not poss… Show more

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Cited by 291 publications
(210 citation statements)
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“…Acids stronger than H 0 ≤ −11.93, which corresponds to the acid strength of 100% H 2 SO 4 , are superacids. 58 Consequently, NiO/Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 /WO 3 catalysts would be solid superacids. The superacidic property is attributed to the double bond nature of the W=O in the complex formed by the interaction of TiO 2 with tungstate, in analogy with the case of ZrO 2 modified with chromate and sulfate ions.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Acids stronger than H 0 ≤ −11.93, which corresponds to the acid strength of 100% H 2 SO 4 , are superacids. 58 Consequently, NiO/Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 /WO 3 catalysts would be solid superacids. The superacidic property is attributed to the double bond nature of the W=O in the complex formed by the interaction of TiO 2 with tungstate, in analogy with the case of ZrO 2 modified with chromate and sulfate ions.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nemhum íon nitrênio pode ser ainda observado livremente em meios superácidos 38 . Estes sistemas, normalmente compostos de um ácido de Bronsted forte como o HF e um ácido de Lewis forte como o SbF 5 , devido à sua baixa nucleofilicidade, têm sido utilizados com sucesso na observação direta de íons carbênio livres 39 .…”
Section: Figura 13 íOns Nitrênio Estáveis Isoláveis a Partir De Viaunclassified
“…Indeed reliable "Ac(i) acidity functions", suitable to be correlated with the "Ac(s) or pH scales of the solvents", can be obtained by Eq. (15) rather than by Eq. (16) adopted in the rather simplified Hammett procedure.…”
Section: Mc(bmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The design of acid-catalysed reactions over solids has caused a pronunced need for further researchs in this area and supported triflic acid [10][11][12][13][14] or materials with -CF 2 SO 3 H groups [9,[15][16][17][18] are becoming now available to replace homogeneous acid solutions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%