Supercontinuum spectra above 2700 nm in circular lattice photonic crystal fiber infiltrated chloroform with the low peak power

A study on the optical properties of a novel flower-core photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with CCl4

“…This is because the nonlinear refractive index of these liquids is much higher when compared with fused silica, even up to 100 times greater than 1 . The flat dispersion with a low value, small effective mode area, high nonlinear coefficient, and low loss are all essential factors in improving SCG efficiency, which has been verified in HPCFs infiltrated with toluene (C 7 H 8 ), chloroform (CHCl 3 ), benzene (C 6 H 6 ), nitrobenzene (C 6 H 5 NO 2 ), and tetrachloroethylene (C 2 Cl 4 ) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . The outstanding advantages of SCGs include the further spectral expansion in the near-infrared region, high-coherent spectrum, smoothness, low noise, and flat-top, making them have a wide range of applications in the fields of optical communication, fiber optic sensing, optical coherence tomography, optical metrology and spectroscopy [10][11][12][13][14] .…”

“…However, at a pump wavelength of 1.55 µm, this fiber has γ = 294.447 W −1 .km −1 , which is less high than that of fibers #F 2 and #F 3 (573.297 and 528.211 W −1 .km −1 ) because their γ is chosen at the pump wavelength of 1.064 µm. The high value of γ contributes to the broadened SCG spectrum with low input pulse peak power (the femtosecond duration and nano Joule energy) 3,4,8,9 . The proposed three fibers also provide smaller A e f f and higher γ values than some of the optical fibers in previous publications of CCl 4 -filled HPCF [20][21][22][23][24] .…”

“…Accordingly, the structural parameters of HPCFs are also always targeted to drastically change the optical properties of the fibers, which is beneficial for different applications. Many previous publications have mentioned different fiber designs, such as substrates or composites for whole or part of the optical fiber 15,16 , cross-sections with different geometries 17 , changes in the core diameter, air hole diameter, and the distance between two adjacent air holes 3,4,7,9 . This study is also one such motivation, and we propose flower-core HPCFs filled with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) as a novel fiber for potential nonlinear applications.…”

Numerical Analysis of Optical Properties Using Octagonal Shaped Ge15As15Se17Te53 Chalcogenide Photonic Crystal Fiber

“…As the best nonlinear medium for supercontinuum generation (SCG), PCFs have a wide range of applications in science and technology, including the fields of optical communication, ________ telecommunication, spectroscopy, medical, security, petrochemical industries biomedical sensing, and more [2,3]. During the past several decades, many attempts to improve the dispersion and nonlinear properties of silica-PCF include altering the cladding shape [5,6], modifying the structural parameters [7,8], or using highly nonlinear fluids to fill their hollow cores [5][6][7]. Even so, the SCG spectrum expansion based on these PCFs is still limited, making it difficult for application areas in the infrared range.…”

Design and analysis of the C6H6-filled circular photonic crystal fiber with ultra-flat dispersion for broadband supercontinuum generation with peak power of 130 W and 250 W

“…Experimentally, liquid core PCFs can be fabricated using standard fabrication, stacking, and drawing processes [17,30,31]. Commonly used nonlinear liquids include toluene (C 7 H 8 ) [9,16,23], nitrobenzene (C 6 H 5 NO 2 ) [21], benzene (C 6 H 6 ) [13,32], carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) [17], tetrachlorethylene (C 2 Cl 4 ) [33,34], chloroform (CHCl 3 ) [20,35], carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) [22], and ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) [18]. Choosing a variety of the cladding geometries or introducing defects into the air hole rings are suitable ways to control the dispersion properties of PCFs.…”