Supercritical CO2 extraction of tomato pomace: Evaluation of the solubility of lycopene in tomato oil as limiting factor of the process performance

Squillace, Pietro; Adani, Fabrizio; Scaglia, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126224

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…When sc-CO 2 was used in the presence of tomato seed oil or hazelnut oil, directly loaded in the extraction system without any solid co-matrix mixed with peels [29,31], a higher recovery of lycopene than that obtained with the best bed arrangement (LSP and LWGFP) found in this work was observed, at the expense of using much higher pressures and temperatures and greater quantities of co-solvent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The addition of an oleaginous co-matrix with the tomato matrix, as a source of an oily co-solvent, can enhance the lycopene sc-CO 2 extraction yield and preserve its stability [25,26]. Many authors [19,[26][27][28][29][30][31] investigated the effect of the extraction conditions on the lycopene and β-carotene recovery from tomato peels in the presence of tomato seeds through an sc-CO 2 extraction technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace Using a Hydrofluorocarbon Solvent in Sub-Critical Conditions

et al. 2022

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The enrichment of oils with nutraceutical bioactive phytomolecules allows the achievement of functional oil-based products of great interest in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic fields. Carotenoids, such as lycopene and β-carotene, are available at a high concentration in tomatoes and tomato waste products, as peels, seeds, and pulp; their recovery is recently attracting growing interest and economic importance in the food industry, and also in consideration of the huge amount of industrial waste produced. The aim of this work is to study the production of an oil functionalized with carotenoids from tomato peels. The extractions were carried out using an innovative process based on the use of commercial Norflurane as solvent in subcritical conditions. Extraction trials were performed on dried tomato peels, with the addition of tomato seeds or wheat germ flour as sources of oily co-solvents, capable of also preserving the biological characteristics of the carotenoids extracted. Although lycopene solubility in Norflurane is quite low, the solvent recirculation and regeneration were allowed to reach a concentration in the oily extracts of approximately 0.3 mg/goil after 2 h of the process. The enrichment in β-carotene was more pronounced, and concentrations of 0.733 mg/goil and 0.952 mg/goil were observed in wheat germ and tomato seed oils, respectively. The results obtained in this study were compared with those obtained by traditional and supercritical CO2 extraction methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace Using a Hydrofluorocarbon Solvent in Sub-Critical Conditions

et al. 2022

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“…As such, the tomato processing industry is responsible for the production of large amounts of solid waste (~3-4% of the fresh processed tomatoes weight, also known as tomato pomace, TP), which creates a major disposal problem in terms of costs and environmental impacts [29]. Nowadays, TP is partially exploited for the organic extraction of lycopene [30,31], a powerful natural antioxidant carotenoid widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products [32]. More recently, TP has been investigated as feedstock for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas [30,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Isolation from Tomato Pomace Pretreated by High-Pressure Homogenization

Pirozzi

Ferrari

Donsı̀

2022

Foods

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This work proposes a biorefinery approach for the utilization of agri-food residues, such as tomato pomace (TP), through combining chemical hydrolysis with high-pressure homogenization (HPH), aiming to achieve the isolation of cellulose with tailored morphological properties from underused lignocellulose feedstocks, along with the valorization of the value-added compounds contained in the biomass. Cellulose was isolated from TP using sequential chemical hydrolysis in combination with mechanical pretreatment through HPH. The chemical and structural features of cellulose isolated from TP pretreated by HPH were compared with cellulose isolated from untreated TP through light scattering for particle size distribution, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. HPH pretreatment (80 MPa, 10 passes) not only promoted a slight increase in the yield of cellulose extraction (+9%) but contributed to directly obtaining defibrillated cellulose particles, characterized by smaller irregular domains containing elongated needle-like fibers. Moreover, the selected mild chemical process produced side streams rich in bioactive molecules, evaluated in terms of total phenols and reducing activity. The liquors recovered from acid hydrolysis of TP exhibited a higher biological activity than those obtained through a conventional extraction (80% v/v acetone, 25 °C, 24 h at 180 rpm).

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“…Tomato seeds contain 17-23% oil rich in important fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic and linolenic acids), vitamins (α-, β-tocopherols), amino acids (glutamic and aspartic acids, lysine, arginine, valine, leucine), proteins (globulin, albumin, gliadin, glutenin) and phytosterols [5]. However, the most important classes of bioactive compounds contained by tomatoes are carotenoids and ω-fatty acids [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main carotenoids found in tomato extracts are lycopene and β-carotene. Lycopene accounts for 80-90% [13,14] and has the highest antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and singlet oxygen quenching ability of all carotenoids [1,6] due to its long conjugated double bond system [13]. In addition to their antioxidant properties, lycopene and β-carotene have also coloring power, covering a range of yelloworange-red colors [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valuable Natural Antioxidant Products Recovered from Tomatoes by Green Extraction

et al. 2022

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Lycopene, β-carotene and ω-fatty acids are major compounds in tomatoes with known antioxidant activity, capable of preventing health disorders. The identification of potential natural sources of antioxidants, extraction efficiencies and antioxidant activity assessments are essential to promote such products to be used in the food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries. This work presents four added-value products recovered from tomatoes: pigmented solid oleoresin, pigmented oil and two raw extracts from supercritical and Soxhlet extraction. Different parameters including the matrices of tomatoes, extraction methods, green solvents and operating parameters were varied to obtain extracts with different qualities. Extract analysis was performed using UV–VIS, FT–IR, GC–MS, Folin–Ciocalteu and DPPH methods. The highest-quality extract was the solid oleoresin obtained from pomace using supercritical CO2 extraction at 450 bar, 70 °C and 11 kg/h: 1016.94 ± 23.95 mg lycopene/100 g extract, 154.87 ± 16.12 mg β-carotene/100 g extract, 35.25 ±0.14 mg GAE/g extract and 67.02 ± 5.11% inhibition DPPH. The economic feasibility of the three extraction processes (1:10:100 kg dried pomace/batch as scalability criterion) was evaluated. The most profitable was the supercritical extraction process at the highest capacity, which produces pigmented solid oleoresin and oil with high content of lycopene valorized with a high market price, using natural food waste (pomace).

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Supercritical CO2 extraction of tomato pomace: Evaluation of the solubility of lycopene in tomato oil as limiting factor of the process performance

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

Recovery of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace Using a Hydrofluorocarbon Solvent in Sub-Critical Conditions

Recovery of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace Using a Hydrofluorocarbon Solvent in Sub-Critical Conditions

Cellulose Isolation from Tomato Pomace Pretreated by High-Pressure Homogenization

Valuable Natural Antioxidant Products Recovered from Tomatoes by Green Extraction

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