Supercritical fluid chromatography for lipid analysis in foodstuffs

Abstract

The task of lipid analysis has always challenged separation scientists, and new techniques in chromatography were often developed for the separation of lipids; however, no single technique or methodology is yet capable of affording a comprehensive screening of all lipid species and classes. This review acquaints the role of supercritical fluid chromatography within the field of lipid analysis, from the early developed capillary separations based on pure CO , to the most recent techniques employing packed columns under subcritical conditions, including the niche multidimensional techniques using supercritical fluids in at least one of the separation dimensions. A short history of supercritical fluid chromatography will be introduced first, from its early popularity in the late 1980s, to the sudden fall and oblivion until the last decade, experiencing a regain of interest within the chromatographic community. Afterwards, the subject of lipid nomenclature and classification will be briefly dealt with, before discussing the main applications of supercritical fluid chromatography for food analysis, according to the specific class of lipids.

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Its Application in Lipid Isomer Separation

“…Many literatures reports separating the various hydrophobic metabolites in the biological system using SFC [20,21]. The applications of SFC in lipid analysis had been critically reviewed [22,23], while this mini-review focuses on the separation of lipid isomers according to their classes such as phospholipids [24][25][26][27][28], fatty acyls [29] and prenol lipids [30][31][32] etc.…”

Investigation of chromatographic peak broadening in supercritical fluid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

“…ESI, enabling efficient ionization of moderate to high polarity compounds, is now used in most of SFC/MS analyses. Nevertheless, separation of low to moderate polarity substances remains the important target of SFC application in food analysis, metabolomics, clinical analysis and pharmaceutical industry [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Although APCI can be more favorable for low to moderate polarity compounds than ESI it occupies only a small share of SFC/MS publications (21% out of 157 references on Web of Science published in 2000-2018 [2]).…”

Signal enhancement in supercritical fluid chromatography‐diode‐array detection with multiple injection

“…Compared with reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, SFC offers a wider range of stationary phase chemistry selectivities with a lower consumption of organic solvent . Major application fields of SFC include pharmaceutical analysis, biological sample analysis, natural and food product analysis . Revolutionary development in modern SFC instrumentation has also brought dramatic improvement in noise reduction, which opens up the possibility for trace analysis of environmental and biological samples .…”