Supercritical Fluids: Nanotechnology and Select Emerging Applications

Abstract

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) ABSTRACTIn this paper, a selected list of emerging applications of supercritical fluids (SCFs) is presented. In particular, demonstrated facts for the promise of the nanoscale science and technology and its overlap or interface with the SCFs technology are presented. It is argued that nanoengineered materials at the nanoscale have mechanical, optical, chemical, and electrical properties quite different from the bulk material. Examples of enhanced performance of many such materials when they are used in practical applications are given. SCFs, in particular carbon dioxide, on account of their special properties such as zero surface tension, low viscosity, and high solubility, enable them to play a critical role in many advanced technology applications. For example, as miniaturization efforts approach the nanoscale, surface tension forces become an important factor in many nanotechnology processes such as lithography in the electronic industry. In particular, the zero-surface-tension property of the SCFs presents them as a natural choice for nanotechnology. This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. In this paper, a selected list of emerging applications of supercritical fluids (SCFs) are presented. In particular, demonstrated facts for the promise of the nanoscale science and technology and its overlap or interface with the SCFs technology are presented. It is ...

Disintegrating supercritical jets in a subcritical environment

“…Therefore, the term 'emission rate' and 'emission constant' which are of more general meaning have been used often (Bellan 2000). For mixtures, the determination of critical conditions, called the 'critical mixing temperature or pressure' (critical lines for two-component mixture as opposed to a critical point for a pure substance) has a complex definition (Bruno & Ely 1991;Chehroudi 2006). In the remainder of the text, the terms subcritical and supercritical will refer to the critical condition of the pure substance used in the jet and not that of the mixture.…”

Catalytic Reactivity of Graphene Oxide Stabilized Transition Metal Complexes of Triaminoguanidine on Thermolysis of RDX

“…These strategies include surface modifications such as coating and functionalization of EMs, supper energetic molecules (e.g., cocrystallization and doping) and nanometer additives, as well as new motor designs . In particular, as the most cost-effective way of improving the performances of energetic compositions, the use of nanometer additives has attracted increasing attention in the past decades . The modern nanoscience and nanotechnology enable generation of any desired nanostructures for these additives so that their catalytic performances on decomposition and combustion of energetic compositions would be greatly improved.…”

Green solvents for green technologies

“…Scientific research in the field of SFE and application of supercritical CO 2 has significantly increased in the last three decades and from some published reviews it can be summarized as follows: Food industry (coffee, tea, hops, herbs and spices, flavours, antioxidants, deoiling of press cakes, seed oils, etc. ). Nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals (carotenoids, lycopene, astaxanthin, sterols, etc.…”