Superfluid Quantum Space and Evolution of the Universe

Abstract

We assume that dark energy and dark matter filling up the whole cosmic space behave as a special superfluid, here named "superfluid quantum space." We analyze the relationship between intrinsic pressure of SQS (dark energy's repulsive force) and gravity, described as an inflow of dark energy into massive particles, causing a negative pressure gradient around massive bodies. Since no superfluid has exact zero viscosity, we analyze the consequences of SQS's viscosity on light propagation, and we show that a static Universe could be possible, by solving a modified Navier-Stokes equation. Indeed, Hubble's law may actually refer to tired light, though described as energy loss due to SQS's nonzero viscosity instead of Compton scattering, bypassing known historical problems concerning tired light. We see that SQS'sviscositymayalso account for the Pioneer anomaly. Our evaluation gives a magnitude of the anomalous acceleration a P = ÀH Λ c = À8.785 10 À10 ms À2 . Here, H Λ is the Hubble parameter loaded by the cosmological constant Λ. Furthermore, the vorticity equation stemming from the modified Navier-Stokes equation gives a solution for flat profile of the orbital speed of spiral galaxies and discloses what one might call a breathing of galaxies due to energy exchange between the galactic vortex and dark energy.

Hydrodynamics of superfluid quantum space: de Broglie interpretation of the quantum mechanics

“…In pair with the continuity equation they describe motion of a deformable medium populated by the carriers having the elementary mass m. However the Hamilton-Jacobi equation loaded by the last two terms describes the motion of the quantum medium subjected to zero-point fluctuations because of fluctuating the kinetic viscosity coefficient ν(t). These fluctuations describe exchange of the energy within the superfluid quantum space (SQS) [50]. Now by applying the ∇-operator to Eq.…”

“…There is a guess that this 95% of the dark substance consists of fluctuating pairs of particles and antiparticles that are in an endless dance of creation and annihilation of these rotating players. This omnipresent ocean of dark substance is the Bose-Einstein condensate consisting of such fluctuating paired particles with integer total spin [5,14,36,46,50]. Zero-point fluctuations of the physical vacuum represent merely topological defects on the 4D hyper-surface of this ocean.…”

The Essence and Origin of the Magnetic Constant

“…Superfluid vacuum theory [10] [11] [12] [13] describes the physical vacuum as a quantum superfluid that behaves like a frictionless fluid with extremely high thermal conductivity. It is a perfect fluid in the sense that it is nonparticulate and has no structural memory, i.e., once changed, it has no tendency to return to its former condition.…”

Quaternion Algebra on 4D Superfluid Quantum Space-Time: Gravitomagnetism

“…The particle loses the energy even in an absolute vacuum [107] because of its scattering on the Bose-Einstein condensate that along with the superfluid strongly subjected to quantum effects [110,108,105] contains also small percent of the normal fluid [32]. Let the integral under the exponential be linked with the extended Hubble parameter H Λ as follows [99]:…”

“…Here G is the gravitational constant. The Hubble constant H 0 expressed in units adopted in astrophysics is about 73 km·Mpc −1 ·s −1 [26], or 2.36×10 −18 s −1 being represented in SI unit [99]. Now we can estimate the presence of ordinary matter and the matter composing the critical density (dark matter and energy) in the observed universe in the percentage…”