Superheated steam as carrier gas and the sole heat source to enhance biomass torrefaction

Zhang, Dongdong; Chen, Xuejiao; Qi, Zhiyong; Hong, Wei; Yang, Rui; Wei, Lin; Li, Jie; Zhou, Wanlai; Ronsse, Frederik

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124955

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Moreover, torrefaction duration of large biomass particles by SHS is supposed to be much shorter than in a conventionally heated process. On the other hand, according to our previous findings [10], the surface of the SHS torrefied biomass was smooth with limited pores and contained no eOH groups, making it highly hydrophobic. Even more, torrefaction of the surface of large-sized biomass particles could form a hydrophobic outer layer and keep the inner section dry enough for long time storage purposes.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Superheated steam (SHS) torrefaction is a thermochemical process that uses SHS as the heating medium to upgrade biomass under atmospheric pressure. As demonstrated in our previous study [10], SHS is superior compared to other heat transfer media (like hot nitrogen or combusted torrefaction off-gases) as it has a large heat capacity with high heat transfer rates and avoids mass transfer limitations [26]. Moreover, SHS can directly contact the biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, SHS can directly contact the biomass. The heating rate of biomass in a SHS torrefaction reactor can reach 100 C min À1 , being 20 times faster than in an indirectly heated tubular reactor [10]. SHS has been performed to torrefy biomass in a heavily loaded fixed bed reactor (160 g in 300 mL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even more, torrefaction of the surface of large-sized biomass particles could form a hydrophobic outer layer and keep the inner section dry enough for long time storage purposes. Besides, SHS torrefied biomass has higher HHV than most products from conventional torrefaction processes [10]. The SHS torrefaction of large biomass particles could generate products suitable for multiple applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast torrefaction of large biomass particles by superheated steam: Enhanced solid products for multipurpose production

Niu

Ronsse

et al. 2022

Renewable Energy

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Conventional torrefaction technology upgrade biomass for improved storage or as pretreatment prior to combustion or pyrolysis, and are generally performed on small-scale particles. Superheated steam (SHS) as the carrier gas and sole heat source was proposed to heat biomass rapidly and evenly while generating intensively torrefied biomass. This work revealed the potential of SHS torrefaction to upgrade large wood particles (F ¼ 30 mm, H ¼ 60 mm), to improve the feedstock suitability and expand products diversity in torrefaction technology. The effects of SHS torrefaction at different depths in large particles were investigated. A torrefaction time of 30 min was deemed capable of upgrading even the inner sections of large particle to have appropriate fuel properties. The HHV of the torrefied biomass enhanced by 50% reaching 28.76 MJ kg À1 . Combustion and pyrolysis behaviour of torrefied biomass demonstrated their properties as benign fuel and pyrolysis feedstock, respectively. Moisture absorption (from 13.52 to 3.42 wt%) and grindability results (386.96e10.52 kWh ton À1 ) indicated that large particles from SHS torrefaction were easy for handling, transportation, and storage. The investigation of physicochemical properties at different depths of the torrefied biomass helped to understand SHS torrefaction behaviour in large biomass particles, hence, to control the reaction extent in the desired end product.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast torrefaction of large biomass particles by superheated steam: Enhanced solid products for multipurpose production

Niu

Ronsse

et al. 2022

Renewable Energy

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“…Superheated steam can be used as a medium for drying biofuels and wood [21]. The use of superheated steam in the heat treatment of biomass is considered a promising alternative to traditional technologies, as superheated steam is an inert medium (at temperatures below 600 • C) [22] with interesting thermodynamic properties, allowing for high heat and mass transfers [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Hydrochar and Liquid Products Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization and Wet Torrefaction of Poultry Litter in Mixture with Wood Sawdust

et al. 2021

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Poultry farms with floor-standing poultry generate large amounts of poultry litter waste. The direct application of this waste as an organic fertilizer does not ensure sustainable and cost-efficient utilization of all waste fractions, and can also be linked to environmental hazards. Therefore, the development of new technologies is required for processing poultry litter into a safe product with higher added value. In this work, the characteristics of activated carbon derived from hydrochar, along with the liquid products obtained from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and the wet torrefaction (WT) of poultry litter, were investigated. Poultry litter (PL) was applied in a mixture with sawdust (SD) in the following ratios: 1:0 (PL/SD 1:0), 1:1 (PL/SD 1:1), 1:2 (PL/SD 1:2), and 2:1 (PL/SD 2:1). WT processing took place in an innovative fluidized bed system in a superheated steam medium with low overpressure (less than 0.07 MPa) at 300 °C and 350 °C for 30–45 min. Conventional HTC processing was performed in a water medium at 220 °C for 1–4 h. The hydrochar produced in the experiments was activated with steam for 1 h at 450–750 °C. The porosity characteristics of activated hydrochar were measured, including pore size, pore volume, and specific surface area, in view of potential industrial applications as an adsorbent. Additionally, the contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), as high-value product, were determined in the liquid products obtained from HTC processing, as well as in the condensate obtained after WT processing. Specific surface areas of the activated hydrochars may still be too low for application as adsorbent material. Hence, its use as a biofertilizer and soil improver should be preferred. Interestingly, the liquid fraction obtained from the innovative WT process displayed a significantly higher 5-HMF content compared to the conventional HTC process.

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A study of resin removal and fixation of radiata pine wood by microwave-superheated steam treatment

Cao,

Huang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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Superheated steam as carrier gas and the sole heat source to enhance biomass torrefaction

Cited by 42 publications

References 44 publications

Fast torrefaction of large biomass particles by superheated steam: Enhanced solid products for multipurpose production

Fast torrefaction of large biomass particles by superheated steam: Enhanced solid products for multipurpose production

Characteristics of Hydrochar and Liquid Products Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization and Wet Torrefaction of Poultry Litter in Mixture with Wood Sawdust

A study of resin removal and fixation of radiata pine wood by microwave-superheated steam treatment

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