Superior radical scavenging and catalytic carbonization capacities of bioderived assembly modified ammonium polyphosphate as a mono-component intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

Sui, Yanlong; Dai, Xueyan; Li, Peihong; Zhang, Chunyu

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110601

Cited by 68 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The dehydrogenation reaction, which results in aromatic volatiles in the flame, increases the soot formation and ultimately leads to higher smoke production . On the other hand, in the gaseous phase, phosphate groups (PO· and PO 2 ·) are formed from the thermal decomposition of APP, which can attract radicals H· and OH· and inhibit the chain reactions during combustion. , However, much more toxic gases and smoke will be produced from degradation fragments during combustion . With the HRR slowly decaying to zero, there is still a slow smoke release process after 500 s, which is ascribed to the further thermal degradation of intumescent char because of its relatively weak thermal stability under the strong heat exposure from the cone heater.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Organic Framework as an Efficient Synergist for Intumescent Flame Retardants against Highly Flammable Polypropylene

Shen

Quan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The intumescent flame retardant (IFR) technique has been considered as an alternative to halogen-based flame retardants for reducing the fire hazards of polymers, especially highly flammable polyolefins. However, the IFR technique possesses certain disadvantages, such as unsatisfactory flame retardant efficiency, high loading requirements, and toxic smoke release. In this study, zeolite imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8), a common type of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), was incorporated into an IFR/polypropylene (IFR/PP) composite system as a synergist to further improve flame retardant efficiency and reduce the smoke emission. The results show that ZIF-8 and the IFR additives exhibit a strong synergistic effect between them for improvement of the formation and stability of the intumescent char layer, to prevent the intensive burning of PP. By adding only 2 wt % of ZIF-8, its limiting oxygen index value reached 31.2% and it obtained a UL-94 V-0 rating. From cone calorimeter test results, its peak heat release rate was further reduced by 44.1% and the total heat release at 700 s was reduced by 17.5% compared with the traditional IFR/PP system. The tendencies of fire spread and flashover were also reduced significantly. Furthermore, the addition of ZIF-8 could contribute to suppressing the smoke release as well as CO and CO 2 production from burning IFR/PP composites. Based on the analysis of carbonaceous residue, we propose that the presence of ZIF-8 in the IFR formula inhibits the size growth of the carbonaceous microdomain during combustion, which could help to form more compact char layers and ultimately improve the flame retardant efficiency. This study provides new insights for developing more efficient IFR systems for polyolefins and reducing their smoke emissions during combustion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Organic Framework as an Efficient Synergist for Intumescent Flame Retardants against Highly Flammable Polypropylene

Shen

Quan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…2(c), which can be attributed to the nitrogen in -NH 3 + and -O-NH 3 + -C-/-C]NH, respectively. 28,41 The obvious changes of N 1s spectra indicated that the cation exchange reaction between Arg and APP has been performed successfully. -c), respectively.…”

Section: Xps Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the investigation of environmentally friendly flame retardants has caught the attention of researchers all over the world. For now, diverse bio-based materials, such as polydopamine, 25 ethyl cellulose, 26 beta-cyclodextrin, 27 tannic acid 28 and chitosan, 29,30 have been used as shell structures for MAPP. It was reported that MAPP with “green” shell structures can get enhanced compatibility and flame retardance performance simultaneously, which verified the feasibility of substituting traditional shell materials with more environmentally friendly ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based arginine surface-modified ammonium polyphosphate: an efficient intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

Cheng¹,

Wang

Lü³

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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“…4(b)) also reflects the strong interface compatibility of ATH@PDA, which further reduces the interface thermal resistance in the RPUF matrix and promotes the transport of phonons. 39 The TGA test results of the RPUF composites under a nitrogen atmosphere are shown in Fig. 4(c).…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Rpuf Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flame retardant containing biomass-based polydopamine for high-performance rigid polyurethane foam

et al. 2022

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Superior radical scavenging and catalytic carbonization capacities of bioderived assembly modified ammonium polyphosphate as a mono-component intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

Cited by 68 publications

References 46 publications

Metal–Organic Framework as an Efficient Synergist for Intumescent Flame Retardants against Highly Flammable Polypropylene

Metal–Organic Framework as an Efficient Synergist for Intumescent Flame Retardants against Highly Flammable Polypropylene

Bio-based arginine surface-modified ammonium polyphosphate: an efficient intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

A flame retardant containing biomass-based polydopamine for high-performance rigid polyurethane foam

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