Superiority of skinfold measurements and waist over waist-to-hip ratio for determination of body fat distribution in a population-based cohort of Caucasian Dutch adults

Ketel, I.J.G.; Volman, Mariken N M; Seidell, Jacob C.; Stehouwer, Coen D. A.; Twisk, Jos W. R.; Lambalk, Cornelis B.

doi:10.1530/eje-06-0730

Cited by 91 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Abdominal fat was determined using standardized landmarks to distinguish the trunk region, 31 and abdominal fat percentage was determined as abdominal fat mass divided by total mass in the defined region · 100.…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waist Circumference Is the Best Index for Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Ravensbergen

Lear

Claydon

2014

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Obesity is an important identifier of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but is challenging to determine accurately in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Body mass index (BMI) is used worldwide as a simple indicator of obesity, but is difficult to measure in individuals with SCI. Furthermore, standard BMI cutoffs underestimate obesity in this population. Therefore, we aimed to identify the best marker of obesity in individuals with SCI, considering both practicality, and ability to detect adiposity and CVD risk. Five anthropometric measures were evaluated: BMI; waist circumference (WC); waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); waist-to-hip ratio; and neck circumference. We evaluated relationships between these measures and abdominal and total body-fat percentage, seven cardiovascular metabolic risk factors (fasting insulin, glucose, glucose tolerance, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol), and the Framingham risk score. BMI, WC, and WHtR were correlated with abdominal fat percentage. WC and WHtR were correlated with five metabolic risk factors as well as the Framingham risk score. WC is a more practical measure for an SCI population. The optimal cutoff for identifying adverse CVD risk in individuals with SCI was identified as WC ‡ 94 cm, with 100% sensitivity and 79% specificity. We propose that WC is a simple, more sensitive alternative to BMI in this population that is easy to use in multiple settings. The cutoff provides a simple tool to predict adverse CVD risk profiles that can be used to guide risk management, as well as as a practical aid for individuals with SCI to maintain a healthy body composition.

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Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waist Circumference Is the Best Index for Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Ravensbergen

Lear

Claydon

2014

Journal of Neurotrauma

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“…Central subcutaneous fat mass was calculated from the sum of suprailiacal SFT, subscapular SFT. Peripheral subcutaneous fat mass was calculated from the sum of triceps SFT, biceps SFT (Birmingham et al, 1993;Ketel et al, 2007). Body length at the age of 1.5 and 6 months was measured in supine position to the nearest millimeter using a neonatometer and in 24-month olds height was measured in standing position by a Harpenden stadiometer (Holtain Limited, Dyfed, UK).…”

Section: Subcutaneous Fat Mass Measurements and Anthropometricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant diet and subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood: The Generation R Study

Durmuş

Duijts

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding has a protective effect on childhood obesity, but the influences on body composition in early childhood are not known. The objective of this study is to assess whether the duration and exclusiveness of breastfeeding, and the timing of introduction of solid foods are associated with the subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood. Subjects/Methods: This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study among 779 children. Peripheral (biceps, triceps) and central (suprailiacal and subscapular) subcutaneous fat mass was measured as skinfold thickness at the ages of 1.5, 6 and 24 months. Results: Breastfeeding duration was not associated with subcutaneous fat mass at the age of 1.5 months. Shorter breastfeeding was associated with higher peripheral and total subcutaneous fat mass at the age of 6 months (P-value for trend o0.05), but not at the age of 24 months. As compared to children who were exclusively breast fed for 4 months, those who were non-exclusively breast fed had a higher central fat mass at the age of 24 months (P-value for trend o0.01). Timing of introduction of solid foods was not associated with subcutaneous fat mass. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a shorter duration and non-exclusive breastfeeding affect early body composition during the first 2 years of life. Follow-up studies at older ages are needed to explore the long-term consequences.

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“…Skinfold measurements are most popular because of the method's low cost and practicality. 6 The technique involves measuring skinfold fat at specific anatomical sites and using these values in a regression equation to predict the subject's percentage of body fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male and female differences in variability with estimating body fat composition using skinfold calipers

McRae

2010

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: Obesity is a major health problem in the United States. Skinfold measurements are routinely used in assessing outcomes in the management of obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine if sex differences in skinfold measurements would be apparent in intraobserver and interobserver reliability as well as validity when compared with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements. Methods: To determine intraobserver and interobserver variability, 71 male and 45 female subjects (chiropractic students) were assessed by 4 separate observers who each took 4 separate skinfold measurements. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was later conducted using a foot-to-foot technique. The average sums of the skinfold measurement and their standard deviations were calculated, and correlation coefficients between skinfold measurements and BIA techniques for male and female subjects were plotted separately to assess validity. Results: Men tended to have greater amounts of intraobserver and interobserver variability when compared with women, but these differences were not significant. In regard to validity, there was no significant difference between skinfold measurements and BIA when estimating percentage body fat for men; but the difference was significant for women, where BIA underestimated by 3.4%. Conclusions: The differences observed in variability could be explained by the fact that there is a difference in skinfold compressibility between men and women. Physicians who are using skinfold calipers for body composition assessment should take into account these small potential differences when evaluating total body fatness.

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Superiority of skinfold measurements and waist over waist-to-hip ratio for determination of body fat distribution in a population-based cohort of Caucasian Dutch adults

Cited by 91 publications

References 41 publications

Waist Circumference Is the Best Index for Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Waist Circumference Is the Best Index for Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Infant diet and subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood: The Generation R Study

Male and female differences in variability with estimating body fat composition using skinfold calipers

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