General Lagrangian theory of even and odd fields on an arbitrary smooth
manifold is considered. Its non-trivial reducible gauge symmetries and their
algebra are defined in this very general setting by means of the inverse second
Noether theorem. In contrast with gauge symmetries, non-trivial Noether and
higher-stage Noether identities of Lagrangian theory can be intrinsically
defined by constructing the exact Koszul-Tate complex. The inverse second
Noether theorem that we prove associates to this complex the cochain sequence
with the ascent operator whose components define non-trivial gauge and
higher-stage gauge symmetries. These gauge symmetries are said to be
algebraically closed if the ascent operator can be extended to a nilpotent
operator. The necessary conditions for this extension are stated. The
characteristic examples of Yang-Mills supergauge theory, topological
Chern-Simons theory, gauge gravitation theory and topological BF theory are
presented.Comment: 27 pages, accepted for publication in J. Math. Phy