Supermicrosurgery with perforator‐to‐perforator anastomoses for lower limb reconstructions – A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

BackgroundSupermicrosurgical flaps based on perforator‐to‐perforator microanastomoses have been described for lower limb reconstruction. This approach offers the benefit of raising short pedicles while sparing axial vessels, which effectively enables complex reconstructive techniques in comorbid patients at high risk of reconstructive failure. The aim of our study is to assess the surgical outcomes of perforator‐to‐perforator based flaps in comparison to conventional free flaps for reconstructions of the lower limb district, through a systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis.MethodsA search on PubMed, Embase, Cohrane, and Web of Science was performed between March–July 2022. No restrictions were placed on study date. Only English manuscripts were assessed. Reviews, short communications, letters, correspondence were excluded after reviewing their references for potentially relevant studies. A Bayesian approach was used to conduct the meta‐analysis comparing flap‐related outcomes.ResultsFrom 483 starting citations, 16 manuscripts were included for full‐text analysis in the review, and three were included in the meta‐analysis. Out of 1556 patients, 1047 received a perforator‐to‐perforator flap. Complications were reported in 119 flaps (11.4%), which included total flap failure in 71 cases (6.8%), partial flap failure in 47 cases (4.5%). Overall flap complications had a HR of 1.41 (0.94–2.11; 95% C.I.). Supermicrosurgical and conventional microsurgical reconstructions were not associated with statistically significant differences (p = .89).ConclusionOur evidence supports the safety of surgical outcomes, with acceptable flap complication rates. Nevertheless, these findings are limited by poor overall quality which must be addressed and used to encourage higher‐level evidence in the field.

Robot-assisted Microsurgery: Lessons Learned from 50 Consecutive Cases

“…In a recent meta-analysis, Lo Torto et al found just 1047 reported cases of perforator-to-perforator flaps in the scientific literature. 27 The pooled flap failure rate reported was 6.8%. The six perforator-to-perforator flaps in our study cohort neither required revision nor suffered from complications.…”