Supernovae Shock Breakout/Emergence Detection Predictions for a Wide-Field X-ray Survey

Abstract

There are currently many large-field surveys operational and planned including the powerful Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey for Space and Time (LSST). These surveys will increase the number and diversity of transients dramatically. However, for some transients, like supernovae (SNe), we can gain more understanding by directed observations than by simply increasing the sample size. For example, the initial emission from these transients can be a powerful probe of these explosions. Upcoming ground-based detectors are not ideally suited to observe the initial emission (shock emergence) of these transients. These observations require a large field-of-view X-ray mission with a UV follow up within the first hour of the event. The emission in the first one hour to even one day provides strong constraints on the stellar radius and asymmetries in the outer layers of stars, the properties of the circumstellar medium (e.g. inhomogeneities in the wind for core-collapse SNe, accreting companion in thermonuclear SNe), and the transition region between these two. This paper describes a simulation for the number of SNe that could be seen by a large field of view lobster eye X-ray and UV observatory.

Advancing the Landscape of Multimessenger Science in the Next Decade

“…The spin distribution of these remnants further constrains the role of rotation in the explosion [469]. A number of less direct (or more complicated) observations Broader nucleosynthetic yield measurements (in supernova light-curves, supernova remnants and galactic chemical evolution) [] and prompt supernova emission [470,471] probe both the stellar structure and explosion properties. The list of diagnostics that contributes to our understanding of the core-collapse engine is immense.…”