Superoxide in Biology and Medicine: An Overview

Hopkins, Robert Z.

doi:10.20455/ros.2016.825

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Chemical redox cycling may be defined literally as the reduction and oxidation cycle between two forms of a compound, frequently a quinone molecule [18] (Figure 1). Redox cycling is typically initiated by a univalent reduction of a quinone molecule to form a semiquinone radical species.…”

Section: Redox Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The semiquinone radical formed can then donate one electron to molecular oxygen, and during this reaction, molecular oxygen is reduced to superoxide anion radical, and the semiquinone radical is oxidized back to the original quinone molecule. Hence, the entire process involving one-electron reduction and oxidation forms a cycle, leading to the persistent production of superoxide anion radical and secondary ROS (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and peroxynitrite) [18]. …”

Section: Redox Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Doxorubicin Redox Biology: Redox Cycling, Topoisomerase Inhibition, and Oxidative Stress

Zhu

Sarkar

Scott

et al. 2016

ROS

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Doxorubicin (also called Adriamycin) is effective in treating a wide range of human cancers and currently considered as one of the most important drugs in cancer chemotherapeutics. The clinical use of doxorubicin is, however, associated with dosage-dependent cardiotoxicity and development of heart failure, which diminish the therapeutic index of this widely used anticancer drug. This article first surveys key research findings on doxorubicin redox biology that may impact its cardiotoxicity as well as anticancer activity. It then discusses emerging concepts, especially the topoisomerase IIb–p53–mitochondrion axis that may lead to the development of mechanistically based novel strategies to protect against cardiotoxicity and enhance the effectiveness of doxorubicin therapy.

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Section: Redox Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Redox Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doxorubicin Redox Biology: Redox Cycling, Topoisomerase Inhibition, and Oxidative Stress

Zhu

Sarkar

Scott

et al. 2016

ROS

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“…, the most reactive chemical species in biological systems, which is achieved by non-enzymic and enzyme-catalysed scavenging of O 2 .and H 2 O 2 [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There also are no free transition metal ions to catalyse the reaction of these two ROS to produce OH . in the Haber-Weiss reaction [10,11]. The extreme reactivity of OH .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS-dependent signalling pathways in plants and algae exposed to high light: Comparisons with other eukaryotes

Mullineaux

Expósito-Rodríguez

Laissue

et al. 2018

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

139

107

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Like all aerobic organisms, plants and algae co-opt reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signalling molecules to drive cellular responses to changes in their environment. In this respect, there is considerable commonality between all eukaryotes imposed by the constraints of ROS chemistry, similar metabolism in many subcellular compartments, the requirement for a high degree of signal specificity and the deployment of thiol peroxidases as transducers of oxidising equivalents to regulatory proteins. Nevertheless, plants and algae carry out specialised signalling arising from oxygenic photosynthesis in chloroplasts and photoautotropism, which often induce an imbalance between absorption of light energy and the capacity to use it productively. A key means of responding to this imbalance is through communication of chloroplasts with the nucleus to adjust cellular metabolism. Two ROS, singlet oxygen (O) and hydrogen peroxide (HO), initiate distinct signalling pathways when photosynthesis is perturbed. O, because of its potent reactivity means that it initiates but does not transduce signalling. In contrast, the lower reactivity of HO means that it can also be a mobile messenger in a spatially-defined signalling pathway. How plants translate a HO message to bring about changes in gene expression is unknown and therefore, we draw on information from other eukaryotes to propose a working hypothesis. The role of these ROS generated in other subcellular compartments of plant cells in response to HL is critically considered alongside other eukaryotes. Finally, the responses of animal cells to oxidative stress upon high irradiance exposure is considered for new comparisons between plant and animal cells.

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“…The resulting semiquinone radical can then donate one electron to molecular oxygen, reducing it to the superoxide anion radical, and the semiquinone radical is oxidized back to the original quinone molecule. Thus, this process forms a redox cycle leading to the formation of superoxide anion radical and secondary reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite) [182].…”

Section: Anthraquinone Chelatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Insights of Chelator Complexes with Essential Transition Metals: Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Activity and Applications in Medicine

Timoshnikov

Selyutina

Polyakov

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity of drugs and dietary molecules and their role in the maintenance of redox homeostasis, as well as the implications in health and different diseases, have not yet been fully evaluated. In particular, the redox activity and other interactions of drugs with essential redox metal ions, such as iron and copper, need further investigation. These metal ions are ubiquitous in human nutrition but also widely found in dietary supplements and appear to exert major effects on redox homeostasis in health, but also on many diseases of free radical pathology. In this context, the redox mechanistic insights of mainly three prototype groups of drugs, namely alpha-ketohydroxypyridines (alpha-hydroxypyridones) e.g., deferiprone, anthraquinones e.g.,doxorubicin and thiosemicarbazones e.g., triapine and their metal complexes were examined; details of the mechanisms of their redox activity were reviewed, with emphasis on the biological implications and potential clinical applications, including anticancer activity. Furthermore, the redox properties of these three classes of chelators were compared to those of the iron chelating drugs and also to vitamin C, with an emphasis on their potential clinical interactions and future clinical application prospects in cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases.

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Superoxide in Biology and Medicine: An Overview

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Doxorubicin Redox Biology: Redox Cycling, Topoisomerase Inhibition, and Oxidative Stress

Doxorubicin Redox Biology: Redox Cycling, Topoisomerase Inhibition, and Oxidative Stress

ROS-dependent signalling pathways in plants and algae exposed to high light: Comparisons with other eukaryotes

Mechanistic Insights of Chelator Complexes with Essential Transition Metals: Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Activity and Applications in Medicine

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