Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles-loaded chitosan-linoleic acid nanoparticles as an effective hepatocyte-targeted gene delivery system

Prostate Cancer-Targeted Imaging Using Magnetofluorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles Functionalized with Bombesin

“…Monoreactive hydroxysuccinimide ester of Cy5.5 (Cy5.5-NHS) was obtained from GE Healthcare (Uppsala, Sweden). Bombesin (BBN), CGGG-QWAVGHLM-NH 2 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) was synthesized using standard Fmoc chemistry by Peptron Inc. (Daejeon, South Korea). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were used as received without further purification.…”

“…Polymer-based nanoparticles are a potential artificial nanostructure for medical applications, such as cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment, due to low toxicity and biodegradation, high drug-or gene-loading capacity, and water-solubility (6)(7)(8)(9). Recently, polymer amphiphiles consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties have received much attention in various biomedical fields, including drug and gene delivery, molecular imaging, and tissue engineering, because they spontaneously form nanostructures with hydrophobic cores and a hydrophilic outer shell in the aqueous phase (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

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“…The fatty acid metabolism and cholesterol storage function of the liver is another avenue that has been explored to enhance hepatocyte uptake of nanoparticle therapeutics. For example, linoleic acid, an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that is taken up by hepatocytes via its putative plasma membrane transporter 53 has been used to drive the uptake of self-assembled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles-loaded chitosan-linoleic acid/DNA complexes by hepatocytes for imaging and gene delivery purposes 54 .…”

Chitosan and its derivatives as nanocarriers for siRNA delivery

“…Furthermore, the use of these derivatives is expected to potentiate in vivo transfection kinetics with respect to both efficiency and sustained gene silencing. To this end, structural modifications of chitosan have been explored, such as quaternization of the amine group [27,91] and the introduction of functional groups [82,91] as well as conjugation with other polymers [78] or ligands [78,106]. In this regard, chitosan derivatization has been shown to create safer and more efficient gene vectors [78].…”

“…In the context of tracking siRNA mobility during its delivery, the superparamagnetic iron oxide core was also coated with chitosan, conjugated to linoleic acid as a hepatocyte targeting moiety. Interestingly, an in vivo study performed in mice using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, revealed selective accumulation of the nanoparticles in hepatocytes within a few minutes after intravenous injection (Figure 4), these being associated with efficient GFP knockdown and evidencing biocompatibility [106].…”