Supersensitive Detection of Explosives by Silicon Nanowire Arrays

Engel, Yoni; Elnathan, Roey; Pevzner, Alexander; Davidi, Guy; Flaxer, Eli; Patolsky, Fernando

doi:10.1002/anie.201000847

Cited by 265 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For example functionalized silicon nanowires for explosive vapors 12 and tin oxide nanowire FET humidity sensors 13 have been recently reported. These provide electronic nose and olfaction-like sensing because they integrate sensing and a computer model and interpretation of the sensory signals.…”

Section: Sensor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitous Wearable Electrochemical Sensors

Arriaga

Findlay

Hesketh

et al. 2016

Electrochem. Soc. Interface

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Wearable sensors are a topic of increasing interest, with market growth projected to be 40% or more over the next 5 years, soon reaching billions in sales. These sensors can be divided into in-body, on-body, and around-the-body sensing. Examples of in-body sensing include the temperature sensor you can swallow and the underskin glucose delivery systems with embedded sensors. On-body skin patches have been built for body temperature, blood oxygen saturation (SPO 2 ), heart-rate monitoring and more. Wearable or personal mobile sensors you carry by incorporating them in cellphones and other mobile platforms, for example the Drayson Clean Air, are becoming more prevalent. These devices can warn you of pollutant sources or perform breath analysis for alcohol, carbon monoxide, or hydrogen, serving as diagnostics for disease or in-treatment programs. Sensors can also be divided by market application, be it health, medicine, sport, diet, safety, environment, well-being, or a myriad of other personal aids to our daily living. In this category one can find everything from smart watches to smart clothing! Ubiquitous integrated sensor arrays are becoming a reality and progress in this domain can be seen each month. The promise is that everyone and everything will be connected via wireless data collection, and services like healthcare will be brought to everyone, everywhere, anytime, for virtually any need. Currently, there are a multitude of distributed sensors, e.g., the Internet of Things (IoT), Pere, et al.1 These sense the environment and provide applications in home automation, home safety and comfort, and personal health. At a macro level they provide data for smart cities, smart agriculture, and for water conservation and energy efficiency. Other applications include supply chain management, transportation, and logistics. While regional atmospheric information is already uploaded to the web (e.g., EPA websites) and are made available for public perusal (e.g., airnow.gov), the promise is that new wearable sensors will make this information available to the individual immediately, on a local basis. This will lead to new areas of application and will undoubtedly significantly impact our health and well-being.Methods for rapid prototyping of sensors and inexpensive fabrication methods are being developed for flexible substrates.2 This makes wearable sensor technology available that requires a fraction of the power of traditional sensors. The added bonus is that these wearable sensors are cost-competitive with those achieved utilizing MEMS fabrication methods. 3,4 Sensor TechnologyThere are many technologies for sensing that are common in wearable applications including mechanical, optical, thermal, magnetic, and solid-state electronic and electrochemical-based methods. Each has its forte for certain variables useful in wearable products. Mechanical sensors like accelerometers can sense motion for exercise or sleep monitoring. People typically do not want an accelerometer but rather the sensor in a system with electronics...

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Section: Sensor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitous Wearable Electrochemical Sensors

Arriaga

Findlay

Hesketh

et al. 2016

Electrochem. Soc. Interface

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“…It can be found in many explosive detection studies. (2,9,11) The sulfon group (SO 3 − ) in the side chain of ST can attract nitroaromatics owing to its strong charge interactions (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Dnt Sensing Mechanism Of Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensitivity of the sensor system, which relies on the Meisenheimer complex, decreases significantly or loses its functionality under a dry condition. (9) In contrast, ST can also form the Meisenheimer complex in a dry environment. Water molecules for activating functional groups can be kept in the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Dnt Sensing Mechanism Of Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Much effort has been made to develop reliable direct explosive detection methods, such as bioreceptor-based sensing, (3,4) synthetic-material-based sensing, (5)(6)(7)(8) and Meisenheimer-complex-based sensing. (9) However, the bioreceptor and the Meisenheimer complex approaches have a sensitivity issue under a dry condition. To maintain their activity, a wet environment is needed, which is difficult to maintain in a field environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gas-Phase Nitroaromatic Detection Based on Sulfonated Tetrafluoroethylene and Its Field Application

2014

Sensors and Materials

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We report on the use of sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene (ST) for explosive sensing and its feasibility for field application. The sensing performance of ST is verified with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) setup and a certified standard gas generator. ST can directly capture 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), an indicator molecule of explosives, from the gas. Unlike other newly developed technologies for explosive detection, the use of ST does not need a humid or aqueous environment, which is difficult to maintain in field application. A handheld explosive detector is developed on the basis of ST and a miniaturized QCM system. Its sensitivity is −33.52 Hz/ppb and its limit of detection (LOD) is 1.19 ppb. Furthermore, a semifield test is performed with the device and a field-reproducing setup. This work successively demonstrates the explosive detection capability in an uncontrolled field environment.

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“…Other applications of Si-NW FET sensors include a gas sensor 107 , flow velocity sensor 108 and so on. Explosive gases, e.g.…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon nanowire field-effect chemical sensor

Chen¹

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Supersensitive Detection of Explosives by Silicon Nanowire Arrays

Cited by 265 publications

References 30 publications

Ubiquitous Wearable Electrochemical Sensors

Ubiquitous Wearable Electrochemical Sensors

Gas-Phase Nitroaromatic Detection Based on Sulfonated Tetrafluoroethylene and Its Field Application

Silicon nanowire field-effect chemical sensor

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